Background and Objective: COVID-19 is a fast-spreading worldwide pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization recommended wearing face masks. Masks have become an urgent necessity throughout the pandemic, the study's goal was to track the impact of wearing masks on immunological responses. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 40 healthy people who were working in health care at Nineveh Governorate Hospitals from September-December, 2020. They wore face masks at work for more than 8 months for an average of 6 hrs a day. The control sample included 40 healthy individuals, who wore masks for very short periods. All samples underwent immunological and physiological tests to research the effects of wearing masks for extended periods within these parameters. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in total White Blood Count and the absolute number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and phagocytic activity. However, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of eosinophils in participants compared with the control. The results also suggested there were no significant differences in IgE, haemoglobin concentration and blood O 2 saturation in participants who wore masks for more than 6 hrs compared to the control group. The results showed a significant increase in pulse rate in participants who wore masks for more than 6 hrs compared to the control group. The results also showed a strong correlation coefficient between the time of wearing masks and some immunological, haematological parameters. Conclusion: Wearing masks for long periods alters immunological parameters that initiate the immune response, making the body weaker in its resistance to infectious agents.

‫العالف‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫غانم‬ ‫روجان‬ ( . 2020 .) ‫الخلطية‬ ‫املناعية‬ ‫واالستجابة‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫كتلة‬ ‫مؤشر‬ ‫بين‬ ‫العالقة‬ . ‫العلوم‬ ‫فرع‬ ‫فيصل،‬ ‫امللك‬ ‫لجامعة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫والطبيعية‬ ‫األساسية‬ ، ‫الطباعة)‬ ‫(بانتظار‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫الطباعة)،‬ ‫(بانتظار‬ ‫املجلد‬ Rojan G.M. AL-Allaff (2020). The Correlation between the Body Mass Index and the Humoral Immune Response.

Hyperglycemic diabetic have a deficit in their non-specific defense. The present study investigated phagocytosis of Nitrobluetetrazolium in 62 diabetic patients with age between (5-70) years, and with variable disease period (1-20) years of both sex; (31) of them are IDDM, other are NIDDM. All patients were divided in two groups depending their glucose level (more 200mg/dl) and (less than 160mg/dl) and were compared with control. The results indicated a significant reduction in phagocytic activity in all diabetic patients, moreover a significant reduction (p≤0.05) in phagocytic activity in both IDDM, NIDDM. On the other hand a significant reduction in phagocytic activity in the two groups of IDDM, NIDDM (glucose level more than 200mg/dl) and (160mg/dl) when compared with control. The study suggests that all diabetics have a significant reduction in their phagocytic activity, and this reduction is not related to the type of disease, age, sex, but depending on the glucose level in blood.

Our study includes the estimation of absolute number of T-lymphocytes by using (E-rosette) test in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia. The study included the collection of (20 )blood samples from individuals Type I ,II diabetes mellitus, ten of them were of type one I others of  type II, with age range between (8-55)years and of both sexes. Blood samples from healthy individuals as control samples were used as well. The study showed a significant decrease in absolute numbers of T-lymphocytes in diabetic patients when compared with control and also a significant reduction in the absolute number in type I and type II diabetic patients compared with control, our result suggest that there is a defect in T-lymphocytes numbers in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia.

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