Secondary raw materials (SRMs) tend to be a valuable replacement for finite virgin materials especially since construction works (i.e., building and civil engineering work such as road construction) require vast quantities of raw materials. Using SRM originating from recycling a broad range of inorganic waste materials (e.g., mining waste, different industrial wastes, construction, and demolition waste) has been recognized as a promising, generally more cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to the exploitation of natural resources. Despite the benefits of using SRM, several challenges need to be addressed before using SRM even more. One of them is the long-term durability and little-known response of construction works built using such alternative materials. In this paper, we present the activities to establish a fully functioning digital twin (DT) of a road constructed using SRM. The first part of the paper is devoted to the theoretical justification of efforts and ways of establishing the monitoring systems, followed by a DT case study where an integrated data environment synthesizing a Building Information Model and monitored data is presented. Although the paper builds upon a small scale, the case study is methodologically designed to allow parallels to be drawn with much larger construction projects.

Bridges and tunnels, crucial elements of the railway infrastructure, are exposed to various types of deterioration processes. Their condition is a subject of monitoring, as it is important to collect as much as possible information in every life cycle phase to reliably predict their future performance. An enormous quantity of monitoring data is generated during the whole life cycle of these assets. EU funded Shift2Rail research project Assets4Rail which is focusing on measuring, monitoring, and data handling for railway assets, as data management is as important as their generation. This paper presents the major outcomes of the Assets4Rail project and its application to infrastructure projects.