Drparlnteni! of Zoology, 7Ynicrrsify of Missouri, Coluinhin 'I'HREE TEST FIG17KES -4ND THREZ PLKII'FS ('17VEN'lIIT-SIX FIGVRES) INTROJ~U(:1'IO-\T It is kno~vn that several species of h t s , iilclncling llyotisIiicifiigus lncifugus and Myotis grisesceiis, have a period of fall coynilation. The females of sucli species arc found t o contain spcrniatozoa in their i q r o d n c t i w tracts througl~ont tlie entire pei*iod of hibcrnntion aiid during tlic spring months.It is also kiiox-ii that the rcywoductive system, except the testes, of males of the species thus f w iiivestigatcd is niaintained in a functional condition tlii+oiighout the winter and spring. The question lias arisen as to wliether the spermatozoa dcposited during tlic fall copulation tire rcsponsiblc f o r actiratiori of tlie ovum which is liberated in the spring, or whether speixiatozoa from late winter and spi*iiig copalatioiis take p,ai*t iu fertilization. With this question in miiid the following investigation w a s miclc~i*talien to detci*mine the condition of tllc reproductive s p t e m of males of 11. liicifups lucifngus aiid 11. grisescens at the vili~ious seasons of the Fear and t o obtain information relating the condition of the male reproductive system to the periods of (~opulation a s indicated by previous studies on the female hats of these species. Acknowledgmcitt for assistance and ntatcrial is iiiadc to Prof. Mary J . Gutlirie, uiidcr whose direction this itivcstigi.itio~i was condnctcd. MATERTAL AXD JfI.:TH01)8Tn tho ~011r9se of the 3-year period betwoen 1934 and l!W* 4 i l bats of the species hI. lncifugus luc.ifugus m d 11. grisesceits were collectcd a i d examined. Of this number 375 WCI*C M.grissewciis aittl 96 were 3t. lucifugus lucifugus. The 11. lucifugus lucifugus were obtained dnring tlic fall, winter tilid spriiig from two limestoile caves near (!olumhiu, Missouri, t i s described by Cuthrie ( '33 a). The At. grisesceits were lakc11 from the samo c a w s c'luriug the spring, summer m c l earl?-fall. Of the .31. griseseeiis studied 100 were collectcd dtiriiig thc! wiiitcr of 1!)3ci aiid 1937 from 3lurvcl Cave which is locatccl iu thc? southwest portion of Missonri. The hits were killed 1)y dc)capitation \vithin 24 hours after their arrival tit. the lahortitory. The testes, cpidiclymidss aiid accessory plmds m 7 w c removed a i d their gi-oss sim mid condit ion was uot.ed. T1ws;c orgalis were fixed iii Bonin's picro-formalin mistiirc (Lcc, '3'7, p. 58) for 24 hours. After fisutioii t.lie fat, ctoiiiwtivc tissue mid muscle were dissected away from organs. Part of the tissiies were dchpclratcd and cleai-ed by thc ailcohol-splol method and the remainder by the alcdtol-dioauii mctltod.All material was iiifilti*trted aiid cmhecldcd ill p i * t~f f i t i meltiiip botween 56" to 58"(".

This study implemented a smoking cessation Readiness Group (RG) in two women-focused residential substance abuse treatment programs, with the aim of engaging women in smoking cessation services. The primary outcome was defined as attending at least one cessation group after the RG ended. The RG combined features of the Expert Systems (ES) approach with a practice quit attempt. ES is an interactive system which tailors intervention to the smokers’ stage of change, while the practice quit attempt rehearses the process of quitting smoking. As a secondary aim we tested whether incentives, used to promote participation and engagement in the RG, would increase initiation of smoking cessation services. Participants (N = 75) were women smokers enrolled in two residential programs, and intention to quit smoking was not required for participation. Twelve participant cohorts were randomly assigned to receive the RG with or without incentives. Following the RG intervention, 38.7% of participants (n = 29) attended at least one smoking cessation session. Both the number of RG sessions attended and a successful practice quit attempt predicted the later use of cessation services, while incentives did not. From pre to post RG, participants reported decreased cigarettes per day (CPD: 11.8 v. 7.6, p < .0001) and decreased nicotine dependence as measured by the Heaviness Smoking Index (HSI: 2.3 v. 1.8, p < .001). The 3-session group-format RG intervention was associated with initiation of smoking cessation services and with changes in smoking behavior.

ONE FIGURE 1NTRODUCTIONThe relative infrequency of quadruple births, which have heen shown by Diddle and Burford ('35) to be but one in every 654,455 labors, seems to justify the description of each new case. The quadruplets dcscrihed in this paper are of particular interest since they were delivered and preserved with all fetal membranes intact. Further, these guadruplets are of interest inasmuch as they contribute to the evidence in favor of an hereditary influence in the occurrence of rriultiple human births.The interest aroused by this set of quadruplets and the varied condition of the literature has prompted the author to collect and tabulate all available data pertaining to the frequency of quadruplets with regard to the number of ova involved in their production, the distribution of sex and the number of previous niultiple births in families bearing quadruplets. Clinical dataThe mother, colored, age 26 years, had had three previous labors which resulted in two single births and one set of twins. The quadruplets were born, according to the attending physician, approximately 5 months after the last menstrual period. At this time the patient was suffering with pyelitis and the miscarriage occurred shortly after a severe chill.The family liistory revealed that multiple births were quite common. The patient's great grandmother had had twins, her 411

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