A study of fishers' knowledge in community based fisheries management practices in the Nun River estuary were conducted to assess the contribution of fishers' knowledge to fisheries resources conservation. The total number of fishers that operated in the area were 390, and 221 fishers were interviewed based on a minimum of 10 years fishing experience using the socio-ecological approach. The laws introduced are banned on the use of mesh size less than five cm and banned on chemical fishing. Fishers caught using chemicals to fish were arrested and handed over to the police for prosecution. The management method has enhanced conservation of fisheries' resources, which is a major source of livelihood for the people. It is therefore pertinent to introduce community based laws to check over exploitation of fisheries' resources in fishing communities in the Niger Delta. RÉSUMÉN:Utiliser le savoir des pêcheurs dans la gestion communautaire des pêcheries de l'estuaire de la rivière Nun, Delta du Niger.Une étude des savoirs des pêcheurs sur les pratiques communautaires de gestion piscicole dans l'estuaire de la rivière Nun a été effectuée afin d'évaluer la contribution des connaissances des pêcheurs à la conservation des ressources halieutiques. Le nombre total des pêcheurs opérant dans la zone est de 390, parmi-eux 221 ont été interviewés sur la base dʼune expérience de pêche minimale de 10 ans, en utilisant lʼapproche socio-écologique. Les lois interdisent l'utilisation des maillages de moins de cinq cm et la pêche chimique. Les pêcheurs surpris en train de pêcher en utilisant des substances chimiques ont été arrêtés par la police et soumis à des poursuite judiciaires. La méthode de gestion a amélioré la conservation des ressources halieutiques, qui est une ressource majeure pour la subsistance des population. Il est donc pertinent dʼintroduire des lois communautaires pour veiller à la bonne exploitation des ressources halieutiques dans les communautés de pêcheurs du Delta du Niger.REZUMAT: Utilizarea cunoștințelor pescarilor în managementul comunitar al pescăriilor din estuarul râului Nun, Delta Nigerului.Pentru a determina contribuția cunoașterii pescarilor la conservarea resurselor piscicole a fost realizat un studiu al cunoștințelor pescarilor în practicile de gestiune comunitară a pescăriilor din estuarul râului Nun. Numărul total de pescari care operau în zonă a fost de 390 dintre care (pe baza criteriului de experiență minimă de 10 ani) au fost intervievați 221, utilizând o abordare socio-ecologică. Noua legislație interzice utilizarea de plase cu ochiuri sub cinci cm precum și pescuitul cu substanțe chimice. Pescarii prinși utilizând substanțe chimice pentru pescuit au fost arestați și trimiși în judecată. Metoda de management a îmbunătățit conservarea resurselor piscicole, una dintre principalele surse de trai pentru populație. Din acest motiv este pertinentă introducerea de acte comunitare de reglementare pentru a controla supraexploatarea resurselor piscicole în comunitățile de pescari din Delta Niger...

Soil fertility may be defined as the ability of soil to provide essential plant nutrients in availability forms and in a suitable balance whereas soil productivity is the resultant of several factors such as soil fertility, good soil management practices availability of water supply and suitable climate. Many factors affect soil fertility. These include nature of the soil, soil nutrients contents and soil reaction. Moorman and Pons (1974) also found that organic matter played an important role in soil fertility by forming complexes acidic ions. Moorman and Pons (1974) reported that hydrolysis of organic-metallic complexes contributed to acidity and organic matter influence availability of A1 by complexing the A1 thereby reducing soluble and exchangeable A1. There is no doubt that soil activities, soil temperature, soil transformation processes, soil effective cation exchange capacity, availability of moisture and soil (Naidoo, 1980, Ukpong, 1922, Botto and wellington, 1984 are affected by organic materials in the soil. The soil to study soil exchangeable base need not be over-emphasis on the agriculture viewpoint, these exchangeable cat ions are basic plant nutrients. In the soil there exist also anions which are negatively change ions. Cations in solution engage in a reversible reaction, that when cat ions are absorbed by the soil from the solution the solutions receive an equivalent amount of another cation. These exchange reactions are necessary for the absorption of nutrients by plants roots. Cation exchanged (plant nutrients) find their way to plant roots or are leached away or may be solidified to form rocks. Exchangeable bases Ca 2 , Mg 2+ , K + and Na + commonly occur in the soil in the order listed (Thomas 1977). But it is common in some situation to have the reverse, example in mangroves swamps soil where we have marine live (corals) and dissolution of clay minerals under acid condition. Mg 2+ may be more than Ca 2+ in humid soil. Ca 2+ is low because there is no continuing source of it in the soil. Most A1 3+ + H + on exchange complex result in soil acidity.

Information sources play a vital role in improvement of artisanal fish farming, however, the different sources of information do not receive equal attention by artisanal fishers, and as a result the worth assessment of information sources used by artisanal fish farmers in selected coastal states of Nigeria was conducted. The study was carried out in the coastal States of Bayelsa, Rivers and Akwa Ibom in Nigeria. The data for this study was obtained from primary sources using questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was employed. The result from the findings indicates that the majority of artisanal fish farmers were male (79.90%). Artisanal fish farmers are predominantly adults as the result shows that most (43%) fall within the age bracket of 41 -50 years. Few of the respondents (23 =5.2%) have been engaged in fish farming for the past 15 years and above. Majority (88%) of the artisanal fish farmers had one form of education or the other. Majority of artisanal fish farmers 243 (55%) earn monthly income between ₦11,000 -₦50,000. Coastal artisanal fishers' information is highly motivated by farmers groups, Posters, Neighbour farmers, Co-operatives, Community leaders, Cell phones, Extension agents, Church meetings, input dealers, Output buyers and Credit agencies. The regression analysis revealed that there is significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of artisanal fish farmers and their information worth assessment. The researcher recommends that government and non-governmental agencies should provide literacy programmes to improve the education background of artisans and also provide comprehensible sources of information to enable artisans understand and increase output.

The purpose of this study is to find out consumers preference between farmed catfish and wild catfish in Swali inYenegoa, Bayelsa State. Questionnaire was designed with both opened and closed ended questions and distributed randomly to participants. Descriptive statistics, percentage and t-test was use to analyze the information. The results showed that there was no significant difference between farmed catfish respondents and wild caught catfish respondents. The people ate catfish every week because of the taste, flavour and texture. Farmed catfish respodents preferred the dried catfish while wild catfish repondents preferred the fresh catfish.Wild catfish were preferred by females and the Ijaw tribe. Respondants never considered nutritional value of the catfish. Nutritionally, wild catfish contains more omega 3 fatty acid while the farmed contained more omega 6 fatty acid dangerous to the health. It is therefore advisable to consume farmed catfish in moderation.