A high‐throughput, roll‐to‐roll technology based on three key manufacturing platforms — 3‐D MEMS, fluidic chip assembly and ink jet printing, is presented. The target applications for the technology are Displays and Lightings. In particular, flexible, pixilated LED displays can be produced, based on the integration of LED chips onto flexible polymer substrates. The preliminary evaluation of the manufacturing platforms and initial technology validator demonstrators will be presented.

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Since seeds can be a route for pathogen introduction, they are routinely inspected and tested to prevent pest outbreaks and introduction into new territories. The need for high throughput, short lead times and cost reduction has played an important role in the development and application of techniques in seed health testing. Examples are molecular and serological techniques, such as ELISA and PCR assays, which are commonly called indirect assays. After signal detection in ELISA or PCR assay a seed lot is a suspect lot that requires further investigation for final conclusion about the health status of the seed lot since these tests do not provide any information about pathogen viability or pathogenicity. The seed industry uses them as pre-screen to identify healthy seed lots, and in combination with classical methods, commonly called direct tests, to confirm viability of the target pathogen and demonstrate its pathogenicity. However, outside industry, indirect tests are increasingly used to make a final decision on the health status of a seed lot. This has led to a growing number of seed lots being rejected where the risk of introducing a pathogen to importing countries may have been negligible. We propose that investments continue to be made in the development of high throughput, pre-screening detection methods like HTS and PCR assays, but together with direct methods that enable accurate assessment of the risks involved when target pathogens are detected using indirect methods. Close collaboration between molecular scientists and classical phytopathologists is essential.

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