Liquid phase electron microscopy (LPEM) is rapidly gaining importance for in situ studies of chemical processes. However, radiolysis due to interactions between the liquid medium and the electron beam results in the formation of highly reactive species that influence the studied processes. Our understanding of LPEM radiolysis is currently based on simulations that rely on data collected from measurements at low electron flux intensities, requiring extrapolation by several orders of magnitude to match the intensities utilized in LPEM. We demonstrate direct electrochemical measurements of radiolytic products during in situ LPEM, which allows us to directly assess the high flux accuracy of low-flux radiolysis models. Using a specially designed liquid cell for electrochemical detection, we quantify the primary expected stable radiolysis products H 2 and H 2 O 2 in a scanning electron microscope. We find H 2 production is rapid and in reasonable agreement with predictions, but H 2 O 2 levels are lower than expected from the low-flux extrapolated radiolysis models. This study demonstrates a new approach to experimentally validate simulations and indicates that the chemical environment may be far more reducing than predicted from current models.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.