Abstract-This paper suggests a new methodology based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method for the modelling of complex biomechanical systems. The LBM can be applied for different operations due to the matching of the pixels of medical images with the nodes of the lattice used by the Lattice Boltzmann method. This allows the optimisation and reduction of the computation time when solving multiphysics complex phenomena. To demonstrate the efficiency of the chosen approach, the modelling of the thrombosis phenomenon within the cavity of a giant cerebral aneurysm has been implemented. The underlying strategy is to implement the Lattice Boltzmann Method for different operations such as extracting the geometry of a considered aneurysm associated to its parent vessel, solving fluid dynamics governing the blood flow and modelling the thrombus growth.
Energy moderation of the road transportation sector is required to limit climate change and to preserve resources. This work is focused on the moderation of vehicle consumption by optimizing the speed policy along an itinerary while taking into account vehicle dynamics, driver visibility and the road’s longitudinal profile. First, a criterion is proposed in order to detect speed policies that are impeding drivers’ eco-driving ability. Then, an energy evaluation is carried out and an optimization is proposed. A numerical application is performed on a speed limiting point with 20 usage cases and 5 longitudinal slope values. In the hypothesis of a longitudinal slope of zero, energy savings of 27.7 liter per day could be realized by a speed sign displacement of only 153.6 m. Potential energy savings can increase to up to 308.4 L per day for a −4% slope case, or up to 70.5 L per day for an ordinary −2% slope, with a sign displacement of only 391.5 m. This results in a total of 771,975 L of fuel savings over a 30 year infrastructure life cycle period. Therefore a methodology has been developed to help road managers optimize their speed policies with the aim of moderating vehicle consumption.
The LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method) is often used in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for efficient fluid flow simulations. Computation of the permeability of a porous media from direct simulations is a common application which benefits from the ability of the LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method) to embed porosity parameters. The MM (Mathematical Morphology) is widely used in image processing as the theoretical aspects guaranty robust algorithms for geometrical characterization of shapes appearing in images. The MM is commonly used to compute porosity from porous media images. The union of these two methods has been recently done through the LB3M (Lattice Boltzmann Method for Mathematical Morphology).The present work extends the LB3M to the extraction of porosity and pores segmentation from images. In order to benefit from the full capacity of the LB3M, it is necessary to reformulate and adjust the algorithms in a new paradigm. Thus, the underlying concept and algorithms required for computing the different previous information are detailed. Moreover, a comparison is provided between the permeability resulting from the CFD and MM both implemented by using the LBM.To sum up, this work emphasizes the full capacity of the LB3M to obtain complex transformations and operations issued from the MM theory through completely new and innovative algorithms. The herein challenge is to highlight the abilities of the LB3M to match with physical phenomenons. Indeed, the LB3M keeps the advantages from the MM such as a complete theory, fast convergence, scalability, robustness, etc. while adding the power of the LBM: statistical physics origins, partial differential equation solver, intrinsic properties of parallelization, efficiency, etc.
Traffic modeling often keeps the mesoscopic scale in the theoretical sphere because of the integro-differential nature of its equations. In the present work, it is suggested to use the lattice Boltzmann method to overcome these difficulties while benefiting the strong theoretical foundation of the method. An alternative version of the lattice Boltzmann method for multi-class and heterogeneity in traffic flow is elaborated in this paper. Its ability to reproduce the fundamental diagram is proved, for both single-class and multi-class flows. This allows easily simulating complex and realistic cases of mixture of multi-class traffic flow. These simulations are able to capture jamming in various traffic situations such as road merging, reduction of the number of lanes or change of speed limits.
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