Purpose: This study compares the demographic profiling of patent ownership in Sri Lanka with counterparts in other parts of the world. The study also seeks to understand the impact of patent ownership on patent commercial success as Sri Lanka is one of the few countries where a significant number of independent individuals are involved in the innovation process as inventors. Sri Lanka, as a country, struggles to make economic headway through the commercialisation of innovation. This factor of ownership could be an influencing factor for non-commercialisation. The study explores this aspect by comparing ownership between individual held patents with organisational patents on a national scale. The study also compares the findings with other similar global studies. Methodology: A sample of 220 respondents from a national sample comprising individual patent holders and organisational patent holders, including universities (IHL's), Government Research Organizations (GRI's) and commercial enterprises, was used in this cross-sectional study and analysed using SPSS version 21. The study uses descriptive statistics and Chai square analysis to address the research questions. The study is limited to patents granted between 2010 and 2014. Findings: The empirical findings confirm that ownership does influence the probability of commercialisation in favour of organisational ownership. The study also reveals a near equal match in demographic profiling with developed countries, indicating a mature inventor community. This finding draws policymakers' attention to the support required for the most crucial stage of patent commercialisation. Research Implications/Limitation: The study contributes to comparing the demographic profiling of patent holders by ownership category, gender, education, experience, the propensity in the inventions, patent strength, and patent commercialisation with other global studies and helps benchmark the achievement of the SL patents in a global perspective. The limitation of the How to cite this paper:

Purpose This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the innovation environment of a developing nation through the Triple Helix model, revealing the existing inter-relationships between the three Helixes of Academia–Industry–Government. It sets out to find out the relationship and impact of the three Helixes on the most crucial stage of the innovation process: the commercialisation of patents, and to ascertain if there is a varying impact determined by patent ownership. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study uses the survey method based on the views expressed by 220 Sri Lankan registered patent holders and categorised by organisational and individual ownership. The sample is drawn from the database of the National Intellectual Property Office of Sri Lanka and patents registered through the Patent Cooperation Treaty, extracted from the World Intellectual Property Organisation Patent Scope database. The survey was carried out in 2019 and limited to patents registered during the period 2010–2014. Findings The empirical findings indicate weak inter-relationship between Academia support, Industry support and patent commercial success, while the support of the Government Helix is non-significant in the commercial stage. The findings also indicate two different support standards existing in each Helix for the two ownership groups. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to a five-year window in a relatively early period in the country’s innovation policy development. The study model is also limited by the non-inclusion of mediators such as government-backed affiliated agencies and academia technical transfer offices which if incorporated would improve the study model and be more reflective of the actual environment and their role as change agents bridging the transition to a hybrid Triple Helix. Practical implications The study findings capture the inter-relationships of the Triple Helix existing in a developing country at the most crucial stage of the innovation process. It helps policymakers identify the gaps in each Helix that stands wanting and take measures to rectify them by creating a more favourable National Innovation System. An innovative environment that will facilitate patent holders achieve higher technological transfers and commercial success rates. Social implications The findings disclosure of two different support standards existing in each Helix for the two patent ownership groups poses a challenge for policymakers and challenges the core objective of increasing the commercial success of patents granted. The findings strengthen the need for a more robust support system to be put in place that would empower and facilitate the individual patent owner to increase the share of economic value arising from this underutilised patent group. Originality/value This study contributes by furthering the Triple Helix model in a social context and micro-setting by operationalising the theoretical practices. The study also gives insight into each Helix’s interaction and contribution during the most crucial stage of innovation management in a developing economy and its impact on the two categories of patent ownership which is scarce.

Purpose: This study compares the demographic profiling of patent ownership in Sri Lanka with counterparts in other parts of the world. The study also seeks to understand the impact of patent ownership on patent commercial success as Sri Lanka is one of the few countries where a significant number of independent individuals are involved in the innovation process as inventors. Sri Lanka, as a country, struggles to make economic headway through the commercialisation of innovation. This factor of ownership could be an influencing factor for non-commercialisation. The study explores this aspect by comparing ownership between individual held patents with organisational patents on a national scale. The study also compares the findings with other similar global studies. Methodology: A sample of 220 respondents from a national sample comprising individual patent holders and organisational patent holders, including universities (IHL's), Government Research Organizations (GRI's) and commercial enterprises, was used in this cross-sectional study and analysed using SPSS version 21. The study uses descriptive statistics and Chai square analysis to address the research questions. The study is limited to patents granted between 2010 and 2014. Findings: The empirical findings confirm that ownership does influence the probability of commercialisation in favour of organisational ownership. The study also reveals a near equal match in demographic profiling with developed countries, indicating a mature inventor community. This finding draws policymakers' attention to the support required for the most crucial stage of patent commercialisation. Research Implications/Limitation: The study contributes to comparing the demographic profiling of patent holders by ownership category, gender, education, experience, the propensity in the inventions, patent strength, and patent commercialisation with other global studies and helps benchmark the achievement of the SL patents in a global perspective. The limitation of the How to cite this paper:

Purpose: The study seeks to understand the relationship between two critical success factors for the commercial success of patented innovation: the invention's market orientation and diffusion. The study also assesses the moderating effect of patent ownership in the relationship between the predictors' market orientation (MO) and diffusion (DF) with patent commercialisation success. The observation of the relationship is vital as a high percentage of registered patents in Sri Lanka are individually owned and could be a factor for poor commercial success. Methodology: The empirical study utilises a national sample of patented inventions by Sri Lankan nationals and is cross-sectional. The study used a sample of 220 patent holders from the Sri Lanka National Intellectual Property Office (NIPO) and the Patent Cooperative Treaty (PCT) databases to test the hypotheses. The study selected patents registered between 2010 and 2014. The analysis uses SPSS version 21.