The article presents the results of an experimental study of the external magnetic field orientation and magnitude influence on the rubidium atomic clock, simulating the influence of the geomagnetic field on the onboard rubidium atomic clock of navigation satellites. The tensor component value of the atomic clock frequency light shift on the rubidium cell was obtained, and this value was ~2 Hz. The comparability of the relative light shift (~10−9) and the regular gravitational correction (4×10−10) to the frequency of the rubidium atomic clock was shown. The experimental results to determine the orientational shift influence on the rubidium atomic clock frequency were presented. A significant effect on the relative frequency instability of a rubidium atomic clock at a level of 10−12(10−13) for rotating external magnetic field amplitudes of 1.5 A/m and 3 A/m was demonstrated. This magnitude corresponds to the geomagnetic field in the orbit of navigation satellites. The necessity of taking into account various factors (satellite orbit parameters and atomic clock characteristics) is substantiated for correct comparison of corrections to the rubidium onboard atomic clock frequency associated with the Earth’s gravitational field action and the satellite orientation in the geomagnetic field.

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An assessment of the influence of the orientational frequency shift of an optically pumped quantum standard with a gas cell in the total error of the navigation systems Galileo, GPS and BeiDou satellites ephemeris is presented. A comparison of the calculated and experimental data of the time dependencies of the orientation errors for different working magnetic field values and directions is shown. For a numerical estimate of the orientational error influence on the ephemeris of different satellites, the values of the correlation coefficients between the calculated and the experimental dependencies on time are presented.