No abstract

We address the question how people's opinion and features of information interact in the process of indirect social influence. Implicit learning was considered as a mechanism for conformity in social perception. We carried out 2 experiments using a hidden covariation detection paradigm. In a learning phase, participants memorized a set of female photographs presented together with their attractiveness ratings. The ratings correlated with the hairstyle of the photographed women. The participants who did not consciously detect this correlation demonstrated a systematic bias toward the correlation when evaluating the new stimulus persons. Information about the source of the ratings in the learning phase (other people's opinions or nonsocial sources) did not modulate learning. Learning was not observed when participants critically evaluated the ratings during the memorization phase. The study shows that (a) conformity may be based not only on reinforcement learning mechanism (as was previously suggested) but also on unsupervised implicit learning; (b) implicit learning occurs automatically irrespective of the context (social or not); and (c) a critical attitude toward learned material may prevent implicit learning from being manifested in a test phase. We conclude that indirect social influence may be affected by people's opinion toward the provided information. The study contributes to both implicit learning and social perception research.

В статье впервые на русском языке описывается введенное А. Бандурой понятие «отчуждение моральной ответственности» (moral disengagement) и восемь механизмов, обеспечивающих его проявление. Даются примеры исследований данного конструкта, проводившихся в разных странах на различных выборках и для разных задач. Описана процедура адаптации англоязычного опросника С. Мур-короткой и длинной шкал отчуждения моральной ответственности (MD-8 и MD-24). Показано, что коэффициент внутренней согласованности шкал альфа Кронбаха и тест-ретестовая надежность находятся на приемлемом уровне. Обе версии шкалы на русском языке могут быть использованы для оценки конструкта отчуждения моральной ответственности в различных задачах. В тексте статьи приведены утверждения из обеих шкал. Библиогр. 25 назв. Ил. 1. Табл. 4. Ключевые слова: отчуждение моральной ответственности, адаптация шкалы, моральное поведение, Альберт Бандура.

The article presents a database of women’s faces for research in the field of social perception. Each of 55 models was photographed full-face under four conditions: with a neutral or smiling face with hair up or down. The database includes the results of facial morphometry (relative positions of homologous points), expert ratings of appearance style, scores of perceived intelligence and attractiveness. The peculiarity of the database is that, unlike the others, we preserved the natural style featured on the models: clothes, jewelry, and makeup. The database was approbated in the study of physiognomic and appearance style predictors of perceived intelligence and attractiveness. It expands the variety of stimulus images available for researchers and can be used in different studies of social perception.

Positive mental health is considered to be a significant predictor of health and longevity; however, our understanding of the ways in which this important characteristic is represented in users’ behavior on social networking sites is limited. The goal of this study was to explore associations between positive mental health and language used in online communication in a large sample of Russian Facebook users. The five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) was used as a self-report measure of well-being. Morphological, sentiment, and semantic analyses were performed for linguistic data. The total of 6,724 participants completed the questionnaire and linguistic data were available for 1,972. Participants’ mean age was 45.7 years ( SD = 11.6 years); 73.4% were female. The dataset included 15,281 posts, with an average of 7.67 ( SD = 5.69) posts per participant. Mean WHO-5 score was 60.0 ( SD = 19.1), with female participants exhibiting lower scores. Use of negative sentiment words and impersonal predicates (“should statements”) demonstrated an inverse association with the WHO-5 scores. No significant correlation was found between the use of positive sentiment words and the WHO-5 scores. This study expands current understanding of the association between positive mental health and language use in online communication by employing data from a non-Western sample.