RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas de milho (Zea mays L.) submetido a seis níveis de parcelamento de adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Colégio Técnico de Teresina, localizado em Teresina -PI, utilizando um delineamento em blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial, sendo os tratamentos seis tipos de parcelamento de N aplicados em cobertura (sem aplicação, 1 aplicação, 2 aplicações, 3 aplicações, 4 aplicações e 5 aplicações), utilizando dois tipos de adubos nitrogenados (sulfato de amônio e ureia). A semeadura foi realizada com a cultivar BM 3061 e foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros da planta: número, produtividade, diâmetro, comprimento de espigas verdes, altura de planta e altura de inserção da primeira espiga. Em todas as variáveis, exceto altura de inserção da primeira espiga, o sulfato de amônio promoveu melhores resultados do que a ureia. Avaliando o parcelamento do sulfato de amônio, o mesmo não influenciou no diâmetro e no comprimento de espigas. No entanto, a partir de 3 adubações em cobertura desse adubo, já é possível promover melhor produtividade de milho verde na região. Palavras-chave:Zea mays, adubos, sulfato de amônio, ureia, espigas AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN SUBMITTED TO SOURCES AND INSTALLMENT OF NITROGEN IN COVERAGE ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristic of corn (Zea mays L.) submitted to six levels of nitrogen fertilization installment. The experiment was conduct in the experimental area of the College of Technical Teresina, located in Teresina -PI, using a design in randomized blocks in factorial design, with the treatments six types of splitting of N applied in coverage (without application, application 1, 2 applications 3 applications, 4 applications and 5 applications), using two types of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulfate and urea). The sowing was carry out with the cultivar BM 3061 and were assess the following plant parameters: number, productivity, diameter, length of green ears, plant height and height insertion of the first ear. In all variables except height of the first ear insertion, ammonium sulfate promoted better results than urea. Evaluating the division of ammonium sulfate, it did not affect the diameter and length of spikes. However, from 3 topdressing fertilizer this, it is possible to better promote green corn yield in the region.
The symptoms of magnesium (Mg) deficiency have been well documented in crop plants. The relationship between Mg deficiency as an important abiotic stress factor and the sugar partitioning may restrict the root growth and limit the success of planting in the field. Despite of this, the primary physiological effects of low Mg availability remain largely unknown in eucalyptus. This paper aimed to investigate how the Mg deficiency affects biochemical aspects of sugar partitioning associated to dry matter accumulation in roots of Eucalyptus urophylla young plants, clone AEC 144. Experimental work was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged by completely randomized design, consisted by split plot 5x4, using the following Mg levels: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in the Mg concentration of Clark's nutrient solution. Evaluations were performed at 15, 30, 50 and 120 days after seedlings planting (DAP) in pots. Soluble (SS) and reducing (RS) sugar contents, invertase and sucrose synthase (susy) activity and shoot and root dry matter were measured. Increased sugar concentrations, both SS and RS, were found in leaf tissues from 30 DAP. In root tissues, neither RS nor SS content showed differences between Mg deficiency treatments and control. Significant differences were also not found in both root dry matter accumulation and shoot/root dry matter ratio. The Mg deficiency did not affect sucrose cleaving in roots, which was predominantly catalyzed by acidic invertase, followed by susy and neutral invertase. We concluded that Eucalyptus urophylla is tolerant to Mg deficiency, because the sugar accumulation in the leaf tissues was not enough to constrain the dry matter accumulation in roots. ResumoOs sintomas da deficiência de magnésio (Mg) têm sido bem documentados em plantas cultivadas. A relação entre a deficiência de Mg, como um importante fator de estresse abiótico, e a partição do açúcares, pode restringir o crescimento das raízes e limitar o sucesso do plantio no campo. Apesar disso, os efeitos fisiológicos primários da baixa disponibilidade de Mg permanecem amplamente desconhecidos no eucalipto. Este trabalho buscou investigar como a deficiência de Mg afeta aspectos bioquímicos da partição de açúcares, associados ao acúmulo de matéria seca em raízes de plantas jovens de Eucalyptus urophylla. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas 5 x 4, utilizando os seguintes níveis de Mg: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% na concentração da solução nutritiva de Clark. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 15, 30, 50 e 120 dias após o plantio (DAP) das mudas em vasos. Determinaram-se os teores de açúcares solúveis (SS) e redutores (RS), as atividades da invertase e da sacarose sintase (susy), e a matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Aumentos nas concentrações de açúcares, tanto SS como RS, foram encontrados em tecidos foliares a partir de 30 DAP. Nos tecidos de raízes, os teores de RS e SS não apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos com deficiência de Mg e o controle. Diferenças...
Biostimulants consist of a mixture of growth regulators that, when they are sprayed on plants, act on hormonal balance, enhancing its development. Stimulate® is a biostimulant composed by indole butyric acid (0.005%), kinetin (0.009%) and gibberellic acid (0.005%) which promotes root growth, improves water and nutrients uptake, and helps restore plant hormonal balance. This research was based on the hypothesis that Stimulate® spraying can be an alternate way to mitigate negative effects of soil water-limiting on plant growth. The experimental work was performed in greenhouse and aimed to evaluate physiological responses of young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla sprayed with different Stimulate® concentrations and submitted to the following irrigation regimes: full, partial and no irrigation. Leaf water potential, relative water content, net photosynthesis, plant height and main root length were measured. Under water-limited conditions, plants sprayed with Stimulate® showed higher net photosynthesis and relative water content had a less decrease, due to osmotic adjustment. Spraying with Stimulate® also provided greater plant height and longer main root length in plants under water deficit. We conclude that the use of Stimulate® can be a viable option to mitigate negative water stress physiological effects in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla, helping to partially maintain the plant growth under water-limited conditions.
ResumoUma análise do uso e ocupação do solo em diferentes anos é uma forma de conhecer a evolução dos impactos de atividades antrópicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, analisar em diferentes períodos o uso e ocupação do solo com enfoque na silvicultura do município de Cândido Sales, BA. As imagens de satélite foram adquiridas no catálogo de imagens do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). Foram selecionadas imagens referentes ao mês de setembro de 2005 e 2015, do satélite Landsat -5. Para a categorização do uso e ocupação do solo utilizou-se a classificação da máxima verossimilhança e a classificação supervisionada das imagens digitais. O processamento e análise foram realizados através do software livre Quantum GIS versão 2.6.1. Foram definidas quatro classes de uso e ocupação do solo: Plantio florestal, Vegetação densa, Vegetação alterada e Vegetação rasteira/Solo exposto. Após a definição das classes de uso, realizou-se a classificação automática supervisionada da imagem para a determinação do uso e ocupação do solo. No período em estudo o uso e ocupação do solo no município sofreram alterações, sobretudo na diminuição de plantio florestal e de vegetação rasteira/solo exposto, assim como no aumento da vegetação densa e da vegetação alterada. Palavras-chave: Geotecnologia; Sensoriamento remoto; Floresta AbstractA review of the soil use and occupation in different years is a way to know the evolution of the impacts of human activities. The present study aims to analyze the soil use and occupation with a focus on forestry in the municipality of Cândido Sales, Bahia, in different periods. The satellite images were obtained from the image catalog the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Images related to September 2005 and 2015 were selected from the satellite Landsat -5. For the categorization of the soil use and occupation, we used the classification of maximum verisimilitude and supervised classification the digital images. The processing and analysis were performed using the free software Quantum GIS version 2.6.1. Four classes of the soil use and occupation were defined: Forest planting, Dense vegetation, Altered vegetation and Undergrowth/Exposed soil. After defining the use of classes, the classification automatic monitored image was carried out in order to determine the soil use and occupation. During the studied period, the soil use and occupation in the city has changed, especially in the reduction of forest planting and undergrowth/exposed soil, as well as increasing the dense vegetation and altered vegetation.
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