Identifying noninvasive biomarkers of kidney disease is valuable for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) expression is known to be elevated in the kidneys in several renal disease pathologies. We hypothesized that the urinary HIF‐1a mRNA level may be a suitable biomarker for expression of this protein in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We compared HIF‐1a mRNA levels from urine pellets of CKD and healthy subjects. To ensure that urinary HIF‐1a mRNA is of kidney origin, we examined colocalization of HIF‐1a mRNA with two kidney specific markers in urine cells. We found that HIF‐1a mRNA is readily quantifiable in urine pellets and its expression was significantly higher in CKD patients compared with healthy adults. We also showed that the urinary HIF‐1a mRNA comes primarily from cells of renal origin. Our data suggest that urinary HIF‐1a mRNA is a potential biomarker in CKD and can be noninvasively assessed in patients.

Background: Coronary artery bypass surgery is needed in different group of patients.Objective: This study was undertaken to see the different socio-demographic characteristics of patients undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of two (2) years. Patients' undergone CABG after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was recruited for this study. The details sociodemographic characteristics of the study population were recorded. Result: A total number of 60 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The age of the patients undergoing OPCAB surgery ranges from 37 years to 70 years. But most of the patients were in the range of 41 to 60 years which was 50(83.3%). There was an overall male dominance among the patients which was 91.67%. the ratio of male and female was 11.0:1. NYHA class I was in 32(53.3%) cases and class II was 28(46.47%) cases. Hypertension was present in 37(63.3%) cases. Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were present in 50(83.3%) cases and 37(61.7%) cases respectively. Obesity was present in 40(66.7%) cases. Smoking habit was present in 34(56.7%) cases. Conclusion: In conclusion the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid is helpful for reducing postoperative bleeding after OPCAB surgery.

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia occurring after cardiac surgery and its peak incidence is between second or third postoperative day. It occurs in 40% to 50% of patients after valve surgery alone or combined valve and CABG surgery respectively. Among all the anti-arrhythmic drugs evaluated for AF, amiodarone has shown the most promising results with successful conversion and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm achieved in 50%–70% of patients. Methods: Sixty diabetic patients purposively selected who underwent isolated off pump coronary artery bypass procedure in NICVD. Group A – 30 patients receiving loading dose of amiodarone intra-operatively before establishment of CPB during valve replacement surgery and Group B- 30 patients without receiving loading dose of amiodarone intra-operatively during valve replacement surgery. Incidence of atrial fibrillation in postoperative period was evaluated. Results: Atrial fibrillation was observed in 8 (26.7%) patients in group A and 18 (60%) patients in group B (p=0.009). Ventricular tachycardia developed in 6.7% patients in group B and none in group A (p=0.47). Mean duration of ICU stay was 2.04±0.30 days in Group A and Group B was 2.98±0.77 days (p=0.03). Mean duration of post-operative stay was 7.20±0.66 days in Group A and Group B was 7.85±0.60 days (p=0.10). Conclusion: A single intra operative dose of intravenous amiodarone increases the incidence of conversion of AF to normal sinus rhythm. When AF persisted, use of amiodarone reduces the frequency of need for cardioversion and the energy required for it. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 102-108

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the early outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) with a bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) Y configuration graft to achieve total arterial myocardial revascularization. Materials and Methods: From March 2018 to March 2020 total 30 cases of off pump CABG surgery using LIMA RIMA Y sequential grafts to achieve total arterial myocardial revascularization. Comparisons between LIMA + SVG and BIMA Y grafts were not made here. Result: The average age of the patients was 43.51±2.58 years. Most of them were male (93.34%). A total of 28 (93.34%) cases had triple-vessel disease. Double-vessel disease was found in 2 (6.66%) cases. The skeletonization skill was used to harvest the two IMAs and then the free right internal mammary artery was anastomosed end-to-side to the in situ left internal mammary artery to composite a Y configuration graft. Off-pump and sequential anastomosis methods were used to perform coronary artery bypass surgery for the patients. Graft patency was assessed by doing CT angiogram. All distal and proximal Y anastomoses were patent at 1 year follow up. There were no perioperative deaths. Conclusion: OPCABG by using LIMA RIMA Y graft is an effective option for total arterial revascularization and avoid surgical complications regarding the ascending aorta manupulation. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2022; 37(1): 27-33

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