Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a rare condition defined by the presence of endometrial tissue in the subcutaneous fatty layer and the muscles of the abdominal wall. It is usually caused by the dissemination of endometrial tissue in the wound at the time of obstetrical and gynecological surgeries. AWE is rare and difficult to diagnose. The most frequent clinical presentation is that of a palpable subcutaneous mass near surgical scars associated with cyclic pain and swelling during menses. AWE may be an underreported pathology partly because it has scarcely received attention in the radiologic literature. Its frequency is expected to rise along with the increasing rate of cesarean deliveries; thus, it is important that physicians or sonographers are familiar with this pathology. The purpose of our review is to present the latest data regarding risk factors, clinical and imagisticfindings, and management of AWE.

The aims of this study were (i) to determine and compare the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in seminal plasma and sperm parameters of the male partners of patients undergoing IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment and (ii) to establish the relationship between ROS and TAS concentrations and sperm quality and their effect on fertilization and pregnancy rate of patients who achieved a pregnancy and those who were unsuccessful. Twenty-six IVF and 22 ICSI patients were included in this study. The ROS concentration in seminal plasma and sperm concentration, vitality (eosin test), motility, morphology, membrane integrity (HOS test), maturity (chromomycin, CMA3) and DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) results and their relationship to fertilization and pregnancy were analysed. ROS concentrations were similar regarding the seminal plasma of male partners of patients who achieved a pregnancy and those who were unsuccessful. The other semen parameters, concentration, motility, vitality, membrane and DNA integrity, were comparable in both groups. However, both groups demonstrated a negative correlation between ROS concentration and sperm vitality, membrane integrity and morphology. Moreover, an inverse correlation was found between TUNEL, vitality, and membrane integrity. In conclusion, ROS concentration in seminal plasma affects the quality of spermatozoa. A negative correlation between the ROS concentration in seminal plasma and fertilization rate in both IVF/ICSI programmes was shown.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women as survival is highly dependent on the stage of the disease. Ovarian cancer is typically diagnosed in the late stage due to the fact that in the early phases is mostly asymptomatic. Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. While ovarian cancer is stratified into different clinical subtypes, there still exists extensive genetic and progressive diversity within each subtype. Early detection of the disorder is one of the most important steps that facilitate a favorable prognosis and a good response to medical therapy for the patients. In targeted therapies, individual patients are treated by agents targeting the changes in tumor cells that help them grow, divide and spread. Currently, in gynecological malignancies, potential therapeutic targets include tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways, angiogenesis, homologous-recombination deficiency, hormone receptors, and immunologic factors. Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in the final stages, partially due to the absence of an effective screening strategy, although, over the times, numerous biomarkers have been studied and used to assess the status, progression, and efficacy of the drug therapy in this type of disorder.

Objective. Administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may impair fertility. The occurrence of the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome was assessed in women with inflammatory arthropathies exposed to NSAIDs and compared to that in nonexposed women. Methods. Fourteen patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease, 29 women with noninflammatory musculoskeletal conditions, and 449 women not exposed to NSAIDs were studied by intravaginal ultrasound monitoring for follicular development and ovulation in 1 or more menstrual cycles. Disease activity was assessed in inflammatory rheumatic disease. Results. In 59 monitored cycles of patients with continuous NSAID exposure, 35.6% of LUF syndromes occurred compared to 3.4% of LUF syndromes in untreated women (P < 0.001). Etoricoxib was responsible for 75% of LUF syndromes in patients exposed continuously, whereas diclofenac generated 15% of LUF syndromes. An ibuprofen dosage of 1,600 mg/day did not induce LUF syndrome either at continuous periovulatory or discontinuous exposure. Interestingly, the frequency of LUF syndrome was 46.2% in patients with inactive inflammatory disease compared to 15% in patients with active disease (P ‫؍‬ 0.023). Etoricoxib generated LUF syndrome in 94.2% of the cases with inactive disease versus 28.6% in patients with active disease (P ‫؍‬ 0.003). Conclusion. NSAIDs increased the risk of the LUF syndrome, particularly in patients with inactive disease. The selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor etoricoxib was a more potent inductor of LUF syndrome than nonselective COX inhibitors. Continuous periovulatory exposure to NSAIDs should be avoided when planning a pregnancy in patients with rheumatic diseases.

A case of uterine rupture at 24 weeks in a pregnancy succeeding myomectomy and triple embryo transfer is described and literature is reviewed systematically to evaluate the importance of uterine rupture in pregnancies after myomectomy in general and some important sub-populations. Systematic search identified 179 papers and following a strategical selection process 45 studies were analyzed in detail, including 6 cohort and 19 observational studies, 3 case series and 17 case reports. Comparison of risk of uterine rupture after abdominal and laparoscopic myomectomy is made. In pregnancies after IVF number of embryos transferred are determined. Optimal contraceptive intervals and surgical techniques are discussed. The consequences of these observations are analyzed and conclusions are made which can assist individualizing treatment options and improve patient selection.