Geosynthetics have been used as reinforcement in various applications in geotechnical engineering. This paper presents a study on the use of geosynthetic reinforcement to reduce the consumption of good-quality sub-ballast material in a railway track in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Six test sections on the railway were instrumented and monitored for a period of 2 years. Nonwoven geotextile and a geogrid were used as reinforcement in different positions in the subballast. The results obtained showed that the presence of geosynthetic reinforcement reduced the strains mobilised in the sub-ballast, reduced the breakage of ballast element, and allowed the use of a cheaper alternative material in the sub-ballast construction. The results showed the potential of the use of alternative sub-ballast material reinforced with geosynthetic to reduce the costs of construction and maintenance of railway tracks.
Sugar cane bagasse is a residue of the sugar-alcohol industry, and its main destination is represented by burning boilers for power generation. The bagasse cogeneration of power produces a sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) residue that does not have a useful destination. Ashes are commonly studied as pozzolan in Portland cement production. International Standards indicate the use of pozzolan with up to 50% substitution. In the present work, we investigate the use of SCBA as an addition in Portland cement. For this purpose, Portland cement was prepared by substituting cement with 0, 10, 20, and 30% processed SCBA in volume. The ashes were processed by re-burning and grinding and were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Xray diffraction, laser granulometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, the Chapelle method, and pozollanic activity. To evaluate the cement with substitution, we used the mortar recommended by NBR 7215. The mechanical properties of the cements with replacement were analysed through tests of the compressive strength and flexural strength of mortars. The results appear interesting and support the possible use of SCBA in the production of cement from the aspect of mechanical properties evaluated.
A barragem de Irapé, localizada no sudeste brasileiro e inaugurada em 2006, representou um marco na engenharia nacional, devido às condições adversas de sua construção, como topografia íngreme e a presença de sulfetos nos maciços de fundação, o que sustentava a hipótese de geração de drenagem ácida de rochas (DAR). Na época, o problema da DAR era pouco conhecido na construção de usinas hidrelétricas e diversos estudos foram conduzidos para controle e minimização dos riscos ambientais e de engenharia do empreendimento. Estes estudos sustentaram medidas inovadoras de engenharia, incluindo o zoneamento do enrocamento, a adoção de geossintéticos impermeabilizantes e a proteção com aditivos das estruturas de con creto. Este trabalho apresenta resumidamente os resultados de uma ampla campanha laboratorial que objetivou complementar os referidos estudos, na tentativa de melhor avaliar o mecanismo de geração ácida sob o con texto da UHE Irapé. Ela consistiu de amostragem, caracterização petrográfica e química das amostras, ensaios estáticos (pH em pasta e NAG) e cinéticos (lixiviação em colunas e em extrator Soxhlet, ensaios de ciclagem). Os resultados demonstraram que não houve geração ácida nos ensaios cinéticos e no ensaio de pH em pasta, levando-se em consideração os tempos e as condições de ensaio. Por outro lado, a presença de sulfetos nas análises petrográficas e os resultados dos ensaios NAG revelaram potencial de geração ácida em algumas das amostras, demonstrando a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais.
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