Occult secondary malignancies, particularly lymphomas, should be considered in adult CTCL patients, including those with the CD30+ subtype.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that affects numerous organs, commonly manifesting at the lungs and skin. While corticosteroids remain the first line of treatment, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors have been investigated as one potential steroid sparing treatment for sarcoidosis. TNF-α is one of many components involved in the formation of granulomas in sarcoidosis. While there have been larger scale studies of biologic TNF-α inhibition in systemic sarcoidosis, studies in cutaneous disease are limited. Paradoxically, in some patients treated with biologic TNF-α inhibitors for other diseases, treatment can induce the development of sarcoidosis. In the light of this complexity, we discuss the role of TNF-α in granuloma formation, the therapeutic role of TNF-α inhibition and immunologic abnormalities following treatment with these TNF-α inhibitors including drug-specific alterations involving interferon-γ, lymphotoxin-α, TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and T-regulatory cells.

Immunodiagnostics play a major role in diagnosing MMP, though limited sensitivity may necessitate several forms of testing for confirmation.

ues decreased, MI values increased monotonically. We then analyzed how these measurements correlated after raw values were categorized. Although ITA and MI values place individuals into 1 of 6 skin types, these classification systems are currently unrelated, with no consensus about which MI values belong to which FST group. 4,5 We found that by placing participants with MI values of 750.0 or greater in FST VI, we observed a very strong correlation between these unrelated classification systems (Spearman ρ = 0.95; P < .001) (Figure, B).Discussion | Determining skin type is necessary for understanding personal risk for sunburn and, by extension, skin cancer. Skin type is also important clinically because the cosmetic and medical industries have increased their use of laser applications in recent years. 6 Because questions about FST are used to assign skin type and determine laser-based treatment variables, participants were asked questions about FST, and 538 (96.8%) stated that the sun affected their skin in some way. Of the 390 black participants, 373 (95.6%) acknowledged that they were photosensitive (Table). Only individuals who are not photosensitive are typically classified as FST VI, and our data confirm that most black participants should be classified as having an FST other than VI. 3 As a result, we defined the MI for FST VI to include only individuals with an MI of 750.0 or greater. Strong correlation between MI and ITA values (Figure) suggests that either of these methods can be used to assess skin pigmentation depending on the relevance of the measurement outcome of the intended study. Recognizing this strong correlation will allow research by health care professionals, biomedical scientists, and public health researchers to be more applicable and comprehensible across disciplines.

Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug used for the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder and numerous off-label uses. The development of rash significantly affects its use. The most concerning of these adverse reactions is Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials using lamotrigine as a monotherapy to quantify the incidence of cutaneous reactions, particularly Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Of a total of 4,364 papers regarding lamotrigine, 122 studies met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, 18,698 patients were included with 1,570 (8.3%) of patients experiencing an adverse dermatologic reaction. The incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis was 0.04%.