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En este trabajo se propone un sistema para la recolección de datos meteorológicos usando una Red de Sensores Inalámbricos (RSI), capaz de transmitir los datos en tiempo real. El sistema logra automatizar los procesos de obtención de datos de manera continua y a largo plazo, por medio de un módulo de abastecimiento de energía solar que permite autonomía para su funcionamiento. Para la viabilidad del diseño e implementación de prototipos se propone la construcción de dos sistemas basados en DigiMesh y Wi-Fi, los que se pueden aplicar a diferentes escenarios como zonas urbanas y rurales. Adicionalmente se evalúa la transmisión de información a plataformas de Internet de las Cosas (IoT), en donde se gestionará y visualizará los datos obtenidos por los nodos. Este sistema fue concebido como una alternativa de bajo costo comparado con estaciones meteorológicas convencionales que posean estas prestaciones y está basado en componentes de hardware y software libre. Finalmente, se realizó la validación de los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis estadístico con los datos registrados en una estación meteorológica Davis Vantage Pro, obteniendo un error relativo promedio máximo de 4,93%.

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The communication skills of humans has grown thanks to the evolution of mobile devices become smaller, manageable, powerful, more autonomy and more affordable. This trend shows that in the near future each person will carry at least one high-performance device.These high-performance devices have some forms of communication incorporated: telephony network, wireless networks, bluetooth, among others.What can also be used for configuring mobile Ad Hoc networks.Ad Hoc mobile networks, are temporary and self-configuring networks, do not need an access point for exchange information between their nodes. Each node performs the router tasks as required. The nodes can move, change location at will. The autonomy of these devices depends on the strategies of how its resources are used. So that the protocols, algorithms or models should be designed to efficiently without impacting device performance seeking a balance between overhead and usability.It is important to define appropriate management of these networks, especially when being used in critical scenarios such as emergencies, natural disasters, wars. The present research shows an efficient solution for managing mobile ad hoc networks. The solution comprises two main components: the definition of a management model for highly available mobile networks and the creation of a hierarchical routing protocol associated with the model. The proposed management model, called High Availability Management Ad Hoc Network (HAMAN) is defined in a four-level structure: access, distribution, intelligence and infrastructure. The components of each level: types of nodes, protocols, structure of a node are shown and detailed. It also explores the communication interfaces between each component and the relationship of these with the levels defined. The Ad Hoc routing protocol proposed, called Backup Cluster Head Protocol(BCHP), use of cluster and hierarchies like strategies. Each cluster has a cluster head which concentrates the routing information and management and sent to the destination when out of cluster coverage area. To improve the availability of the network protocol uses a Backup Cluster Head who assumes the functions of the node of the cluster when it has a problem. The HAMAN model is validated accross the simulation of their BCHP routing protocol. BCHP protocol has been implemented in the simulation tool Network Simulator 2 (NS2) to be simulated, compared and contrasted with a hierarchical routing protocol Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) and a routing protocol called Reactive Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV).