Introdução: O modo de fabricar o queijo Minas artesanal (QMA) na microrregião do Serro foi considerado patrimônio histórico imaterial da humanidade desde 2008. Mesmo produzido a partir de leite cru a sua comercialização foi autorizada. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de Brucella spp. no QMA da microrregião do Serro. Métodos: Foram avaliadas as evidências do patógeno (presença de DNA) em queijos de produtores cadastrados pelo Instituto Mineiro de Agricultura e Pecuária (IMA), com tempos de maturação de 4 e 8 dias à temperatura ambiente. Resultados: Embora todas as amostras de queijo fossem de bovinos declarados negativos para brucelose por testes sorológicos anuais realizados por veterinários autônomos, os resultados da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) mostraram 17 (30,9%, IC95% 18,7% a 43,1%) de amostras de QMA positivas para Brucella spp. entre os 55 analisados. O sequenciamento de DNA demonstrou uma similaridade de 100% com as cepas de campo de Brucella ssp. Conclusões: Essa positividade no QMA pode ser considerada um risco potencial à saúde pública e sugere uma suposta deficiência do programa local de controle da brucelose no monitoramento dessa população específica de rebanhos leiteiros e que medidas mais fortes de controle e prevenção da brucelose devem ser adotadas em agroindústrias produtoras de leite cru a fim de garantir a segurança do alimento.
Background Minas artisanal cheese (MAC) from the Serro region is a Brazilian intangible cultural heritage. Produced from raw milk, it may carry zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella. This study included a randomized survey for the prevalence of Brucella-positive MAC and its associated factors. Methods MAC samples (n=55), each one from a different rural family-based cheese-processing agroindustry, were analysed for Brucella by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) species-specific DNA detection and cultivation-based approaches. Results Among 55 MACs that were analysed, we found 17 Brucella DNA-positive samples (30.9% [95% confidence interval {CI} 18.7 to 43.1]) by PCR and, for the first time, from one MAC (1.8% [95% CI 0.5 to 9.7]), viable Brucella abortus was recovered by cultivation. Higher values for two variables, the number of lactating cows per herd (p=0.043) and daily milk production per herd (p=0.043), were each associated with Brucella-positive MAC, which concentrated in three high-risk and one low-risk spatial clusters. Conclusions MAC may be a source of Brucella for humans, since the positive samples were from batches that were sold by cheesemakers. This should be of concern and encourage cooperation between the health and agriculture sectors in order to mitigate this public health risk through One Health integrated approaches.
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