Background: Apocynin, obtained from the roots of the Apocynum cannabinum plant, is a substance that has the effect of a NOX inhibitor. Apocynin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone) plays a role in the production of superoxide inhibitors. Many pervious studies demonstrated the positive effects of apocynin on renal Ischemia Reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model. Aim of Study: The aim of this work is to study the effect of apocynin on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in male albino rats. Material and Methods: The present work was carried on 30 male albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups, (10 rats for each). Sham operated group (Group I): Delivery of the left testis without twisting and the testis was relocated into the scrotum. Ischemia/reperfusion group (Group II): Testicular torsion was done by rotating the left testis 720º in anticlockwise direction, these rats were injected intraperitoneally by a single dose of 10ml normal saline solution. Apocynin treated group (Group III): The same surgical procedure was done as in Group II; these rats were injected intraperitoneally by a single dose of apocynin at a dose of 20 mg/Kg 1/2 an hour before the detorsion. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anesthetized, then the animals were sacrificed by cervical decapitation. The blood samples were collected. Results: The results of the present work revealed that the 4 hours torsion group showed significant increase in testicular malondialdehyde, serum FSH and LH and multiple apoptotic cells showed by immunohistochemical examination of testicular caspase-3, however it produces significant decrease in testicular GPX level and serum free testosterone level when these results compared to sham operated group, these results were confirmed by histopathological examination which showed thick basement membrane, loss of cohesions of spermatocytes, congested interstitial vessels, oedema, sequestration of spermatocytes and spermatogonia in lumen of tubule and separation of basement membrane. The apocynin treated torsion detorsion group showed significant decrease in testicular malondialdehyde, serum FSH, LH and less apoptotic cells showed by immunohistochemical examination of testic

Background: Apocynin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone) which isolated from the traditional medicinal plant Picrorhiza kurroa, is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase and of the concomitant ROS production. Apocynin also proved to be a potent antiinflammatory agent, based on the selective inhibition of the production of ROS by activated human PMNs. Aim of the Study: to explore the protective effect of Apocynin and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor on kidney damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in a rat model. Subjects and Methods: Fourty male albino rats were categorized into four equal groups of 10. Group 1: Sham operated control group, Group 2: Ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) group; which underwent bilateral renal ischemia for 1 hour followed by a 23 hour reperfusion, Group 3: 4-week Apocynin treated group in which rats received Apocynin with a dose o16 mg/kg /day for 4 weeks followed by bilateral renal ischemia for 1 hour then 23 hour reperfusion afterwards , and Group 4: 8week Apocynin treated group in which rats received Apocynin with a dose of 16 mg/kg /day for 8 weeks then bilateral renal ischemia for 1 hour followed by 23 hour reperfusion. After reperfusion, the animals were sacrificed, the blood samples were collected for determination of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, 24 hour urine were collected for determination of creatinine clearance. Kidneys of all animals were harvested and evaluated biochemically through determination of tissue MDA, MPO, GPX and catalase level. Results: Kidney tissue MDA, MPO, serum BUN and Creatinine levels were found to be significantly higher in the I/R group. GPx level showed a significant decrease, while there was a slight decrease in Catalase level when compared with Sham operated group. Creatinine clearance was impaired in renal I/R group. Renal I/R injury has also induced an extensive tubular necrosis, glomerular damage, and apoptosis. Apocynin significantly reduced MDA and MPO and increased GPX and catalase in both treatment groups when compared to the I/R group (p< 0.001). The elevated BUN and creatinine levels were significantly reduced in treatment groups, also creatinine clearance was restored to around normal value. Conclusion: with accordance to the findings and outcome of the present study, Apocynin has exerted protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury by ameliorating the kidney damage induced by I/R injury to a significant extent. However, there was no significant difference in the outcome if the treatment was extended from 4 to 8 weeks.