Background:Vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) with sickle cell disease (SCD) require opioid treatment. Despite evidence to support rapid pain management within 30 minutes, care for these patients does not consistently meet this benchmark. This quality improvement study sought to decrease the first analgesic administration time, increase patient satisfaction, and expedite patient flow.Methods:A prospective pre-/postevaluation design was used to evaluate outcomes with patients 18 years or older with VOEs in an urgent care (UC) center after implementation of evidence-based practice standard care (EBPSC). A pre- and postevaluation survey of SCD patients' satisfaction with care and analogous surveys of the UC team to assess awareness of EBPSC were used. A retrospective review of the electronic medical records of patients with VOEs compared mean waiting time from triage to the first analgesic administration and the mean length of stay (LOS) over 6 months.Results:Implementing EBPSC decreased the mean time of the first analgesic administration (P = .001), significantly increased patient satisfaction (P = .002), and decreased the mean LOS (P = .010).Conclusion:Implementing EBPSC is a crucial step for improving the management of VOEs and creating a positive patient experience. The intervention enhances the quality of care for the SCD population in a UC center.

Introduction: Previous research has shown that persons living with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for frequent emergency department (ED) encounters, either with or without an associated inpatient stay. The disease manifests as acute onset vaso-occlusive crises or other severe and unpredictable complications that require immediate care. However, day hospital or other appropriate care settings to manage these health care events are not available to most of the population with SCD. Previous observations suggest that-while ED usage is high overall for this population-this usage is also episodic, with periods of high use interspersed with relatively low usage. We here seek to characterize both high-use and quiescent periods among patients seen in California non-federal hospitals over a 12-year period. Methods: The California Sickle Cell Data Collection project is a statewide effort to use a wide range of administrative, clinical, and other data sources to describe the population living with SCD, their health outcomes, and health care utilization patterns. The data here include 2005-2016 inpatient encounters and ED encounters (with or without an associated inpatient stay) linked by patient identifiers across data set and year. A validated case definition that suggests a high probability of a true SCD 'case' was applied: three or more occurrences of a SCD specific International Classification of Disease Code (version 9 or 10, depending on the year) within any 5 year period between 2005-2016. Only patients who met this case definition and had one year or more of follow-up time in the cohort were included in these analyses. We tabulated the numbers of encounters (inpatient and ED) for each patient for non-overlapping 4-week periods and used Poisson mixture models to evaluate whether encounter frequency could be characterized as a mixture of one or more discrete distributions. Based on these findings, we examined the timing and duration of periods of ED utilization for patients over the course of the study. Quiescent periods are defined as lengths of time in which a person has zero or near zero encounters in ED or inpatient settings. Occasional and high use periods of ED utilization are defined quantitatively by the model (as below). Results: There were 5,090 patients meeting the case definition with one year or more of time in follow up. Patients were followed for a median of 9.8 years (range 1.0 to 11.0). There were 94,196 ED encounters without and 59,064 ED encounters with an associated inpatient stay. A 3-component model best combined predictive power, parsimony, and clinical relevance (Figure 1, upper left), including quiescent periods (mean 0.09 encounters; 88.8% of 4-week periods); occasional-use periods (mean 1.28encounters; 10.8% of 4-week periods); and high-use periods (mean 7.48 encounters; 0.5% of 4-week periods). All but two of the subjects experienced at least one quiescent period during the study, 75.9% experienced at least one occasional-use period, and 8.0% experienced at least one high-use period. Spells of occasional- or high-use lasted a median of 8 weeks regardless of patient age, and 3.6% of these included at least some very high-use. Median lengths of quiescent periods were 24 weeks for patients aged less than 20 years, 16 weeks for those 20 years of age and older. Examples of distribution of utilization over time by certain patients are shown in Figure 1, upper right and both lower panels. Conclusions: The majority of patients with sickle cell disease experience discrete periods during which ED and inpatient hospital encounters are not uncommon, separated by somewhat longer periods with few-to-no encounters. The experiences of -8.0% of patients further include periods during which encounters were very frequent. Patients aged 20 years and older are more likely to experience these high frequency episodes. Further research is planned to identify whether particular health related events or patient characteristics are associated with these high-utilization spells. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Paulukonis: Bioverativ Inc.: Research Funding; Pfizer Inc.: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics Inc.: Research Funding.