The Collins diffraction transform (CDT) describes the optical wave diffraction from the generic paraxial optical system. The CDT has as special cases the diffraction domains given by the Fourier, Fresnel and fractional Fourier transforms. In this paper, we propose to describe the optical double random phase encoding (DRPE) using a nonlinear joint transform correlator (JTC) and the CDT. This new description of the nonlinear JTC-based encryption system using the CDT covers several optical processing domains, such as Fourier, Fresnel, fractional Fourier, extended fractional Fourier and Gyrator domains, among others. The maximum number of independent design parameters or new security keys of the proposed encryption system using the CDT increases three times in comparison with the same encryption system that uses the Fourier transform. The proposed encryption system using the CDT preserves the shift-invariance property of the JTC-based encryption system in the Fourier domain, with respect to the lateral displacement of both the key random mask in the decryption process and the retrieval of the primary image. The viability of this encryption system is verified and analysed by numerical simulations.

The gyrator transform (GT) is used for images processing in applications of light propagation. We propose new image processing operators based on the GT, these operators are: Generalized shift, convolution and correlation. The generalized shift is given by a simultaneous application of a spatial shift and a modulation by a pure linear phase term. The new operators of convolution and correlation are defined using the GT. All these image processing operators can be used in order to design and implement new optical image processing systems based on the GT. The sampling theorem for images whose resulting GT has finite support is developed and presented using the previously defined operators. Finally, we describe and show the results for an optical image encryption system using a nonlinear joint transform correlator and the proposed image processing operators based on the GT.

A novel nonlinear encryption–decryption system based on a joint transform correlator (JTC) and the Gyrator transform (GT) for the simultaneous encryption and decryption of multiple images in grayscale is proposed. This security system features a high level of security for the single real-valued encrypted image and a high image quality for the multiple decrypted images. The multispectral or color images are considered as a special case, taking each color component as a grayscale image. All multiple grayscale images (original images) to encrypt are encoded in phase and placed in the input plane of the JTC at the same time without overlapping. We introduce two random-phase masks (RPMs) keys for each image to encrypt at the input plane of the JTC-based encryption system. The total number of the RPM keys is given by the double of the total number of the grayscale images to be encrypted. The use of several RPMs as keys improves the security of the encrypted image. The joint Gyrator power distribution (JGPD) is the intensity of the GT of the input plane of the JTC. We obtain only a single real-valued encrypted image with a high level of security for all the multiple grayscale images to encrypt by introducing two new suitable nonlinear modifications on the JGPD. The security keys are given by the RPMs and the rotation angle of the GT. The decryption system is implemented by two successive GTs applied to the encrypted image and the security keys given by the RPMs and considering the rotation angle of the GT. We can simultaneously retrieve the various information of the original images at the output plane of the decryption system when all the security keys are correct. Another result due to the appropriate definition of the two nonlinear operations applied on the JGPD is the retrieval of the multiple decrypted images with a high image quality. The numerical simulations are computed with the purpose of demonstrating the validity and performance of the novel encryption–decryption system.

Abstract. The Gyrator transform (GT), chaotic random phase masks (CRPMs) and a random permutation of the Jigsaw transform (JT) are utilized to design an images encryption-decryption system. The encryption-decryption system is based on the double random phase encoding (DRPE) in the Gyrator domain (GD), this technique uses two random phase masks (RPMs) to encode the image to encrypt (original image) into a random noise. The RPMs are generated by using chaos, these masks are CRPMs. The parameters of the chaotic function have the control of the generation of the CRPMs. We apply a random permutation to the resulting image of the DRPE technique, with the purpose of obtaining an encrypted image with a higher randomness. In order to successfully retrieve the original image (without errors or noise-free) at the output of the decryption system is necessary to have all the proper keys, which are: the rotation angles of the GTs, the parameters of the chaotic function utilized to generate the two CRPMs and the random permutation of the JT. We check and analyze the validity of the image encryption and decryption systems by means of computing simulations. IntroductionThe image encryption is different from traditional cryptology because the spatial, frequency and redundancy features of the image to encrypt are analysed and processed by the image encryption system [1]. The double random phase encoding (DRPE) is a successful method for optical image encryption [1][2][3], the DRPE uses two random phase masks (RPMs) with the purpose of encoding the image to encrypt (original image) into a stationary white noise pattern (encrypted image). One of the main drawbacks of the image encryption systems based on the initial DRPE is that the security of the system is vulnerable to attacks, this weakness is due to the linear property of the DRPE scheme [1][2][3]. The DRPE has been further extended from the Fourier domain to the Fresnel domain [4][5][6], the fractional Fourier domain [7][8][9][10][11][12], the Gyrator domain (GD) [13][14][15][16] and other domains [17][18][19][20], with the purpose of adding more keys and increasing the security of the DRPE system.The Gyrator transform (GT) is a mathematical tool for analysis and processing of twodimensional signals [21]. The GT has been used in optics [22], signal processing [13] and image encryption [13][14][15][16].In this paper, we propose a nonlinear image encryption-decryption system based on the DRPE, the GT, the chaotic random phase masks (CRPMs) and the Jigsaw transform (JT), in order to overcome the security vulnerabilities of the initial DRPE proposed in Ref. [2]. We use the GT to improve the security of the original DRPE by adding a new key for the encryption system (the

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