Recent surveys have indicated that many psychotherapists consider themselves to be eclectic in their approach to therapy. To date, however, there is no systematized framework to guide the practice of eclectic psychotherapy. This article presents a model of personalized therapy by focusing upon the broad clinical processes of theory, assessment, goal setting, intervention, and evaluation. Each of these processes is examined in an effort to elucidate variables at each level that are necessary for the practice of eclectic psychotherapy. The result is a framework and guidelines facilitating a logical, planful approach to individualized treatment. The implications of such a system are discussed.

Previous efforts to deal with the issue of subdoctoral training in clinical psychology have taken the form of conferences and attitude surveys. This study assesses employment characteristics of subdoctoral psychologists and ascertains their demand and position in psychology's manpower force. The survey was conducted in the state of Illinois and sampled public and private agencies. The survey instrument was a questionnaire designed to assess current and potential employability of the MA psychologist, the duties involved in employment at this educational level, and the salary range, promotion possibilities, and future demand for subdoctoral persons. Data analysis revealed that MA psychologists are frequently employed by mental health agencies and perform professional functions of direct service and psychological testing, among other duties. These data suggest that MA psychologists are an employable and much-used manpower group.The question of training and education in clinical psychology at the subdoctoral level has plagued the profession for many years. Most previous attempts to grapple with this issue have taken two forms. One approach has been discussions and recommended guidelines that have resulted from conferences on training (Hoch, Ross, & Winder, 1966;Raimy, 1950; Roe, Gustad, Moore, Ross, & Skodak, 1959). This approach to the subdoctoral education issue has resulted most recently in the Vail Conference's ("Vail Conference Endorses," 1973) emphasis upon the career lattice for the MAlevel psychologist and the recognition of a place for subdoctoral personnel in psychology's manpower force.A second approach to the issue of professional training has been to survey attitudes toward subdoctoral education (Arnhoff & Jenkins, 1969).

The authors suggest that a therapist should be able to orient existing theory and techniques to most closely approximate the concerns and dynamics of the individual in treatment, thus leading to a behavior change which is most effective because it fits all contexts of the patient's life.

A nationwide survey of public mental health facility directors solicited information and opinions comparing the employment opportunities, salaries, duties, and job skills of doctoral and subdoctoral clinical psychologists and MSWs. The results indicate that although all groups are in demand in the marketplace, receive competitive salaries, and are evaluated as competent service providers, subdoctoral clinicians consistently fall behind MSWs on all dimensions, and both, in turn, fall behind doctoral-level clinical psychologists. Implications for the continued offering of the master's degree in clinical psychology are discussed.

The content of perceived apparitions, e.g., bereavement hallucinations, cannot be explained entirely in terms of electromagnetically induced neurochemical processes. It was shown that contextual variables influential in hallucinatory and hypnotic states also structured reported haunting experiences. As predicted, high congruency was found between the experiential content and the nature of the contextual variables. Further, the number of contextual variables involved in an experience was related to the type of experience and the state or arousal preceding the experience. Based on these findings we argue that a more complete explanation of haunting experiences should take into account both electromagnetically induced neurochemical processes and factors related to contextual mediation.