This study compared the temperature increase in a pulp chamber as a result of using various light-curing units during resin composite polymerization, and it determined the effect of remaining dentin thickness on temperature rise. A Class II occlusodistal cavity with a remaining dentin thickness of 2 mm was prepared in an extracted human mandibular molar. A 2-mm layer of fine hybrid resin composite was placed on the floor of the proximal box. A K-type thermocouple was inserted into pulp chambers filled with heat sink compound, and pulp chamber temperature rise (starting temperature: 37.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C) during polymerization of the composite was measured. The light-curing units tested included two halogen lights, Spectrum 800 and Elipar Trilight (Standard and Exponential mode); a light-emitting diode (LED, Elipar Freelight) and a plasma arc (Virtuoso, Xenon Power Arc). Irradiation time was 40 seconds for the halogen and LED lights and 3 seconds for the plasma arc light. Five measurements were carried out for every light-curing unit. The same experimental design was conducted after the cavity preparation was modified, leaving a 1-mm thick dentin layer. The Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests were used to evaluate the differences among the tested curing units. Mann Whitney-U tests were used to compare the mean temperature rise in each curing unit for different remaining dentin thicknesses. The increase in pulp chamber temperature ranged between 1.40-3.8 degrees C. The highest temperature rise was observed when using Elipar Trilight Standard mode, and the lowest temperature rise was observed with light emitting diode for both remaining dentin thicknesses. The only significant differences in temperature rise were observed between Elipar Trilight Standard mode and LED. No significant difference (p > 0.01) existed for the different modes of Elipar Trilight. A statistically significant higher temperature rise was observed within each curing unit at a depth of 1 mm compared to 2 mm. Although the tested light-curing units caused a temperature rise in the pulp chamber, none exceed the critical value of 5.5 degrees C.

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The polyether impression materials tested were significantly more hydrophilic before, during, and after setting than that of VPS impression materials. Regardless of the amount of water in contact with the impression material, the polyether impression materials showed a significantly higher hydrophilicity in the unset stage than the VPS materials. The initial contact angle was not dependent on the thickness of the material. All parameters, including variation of time, volume of water droplet, and thickness of material, resulted in different absolute contact angles, but did not lead to a dramatic change in the ranking of the materials with regard to their hydrophilic behavior.

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