BackgroundDiagnostic accuracy of the 3 mm laparoscopic cup biopsy forceps for collection of tissue samples from canine livers is unproven.Hypotheses/ObjectivesCompare sample surface area and portal triad count between 3 mm and 5 mm laparoscopic cup biopsies and compare the histologic diagnosis obtained by each instrument to a standard necropsy wedge. The hypothesis was that more portal triads and greater sample surface area would be found with the 5 mm samples and the laparoscopic instruments would not have significantly different levels of agreement with necropsy wedge diagnosis.AnimalsTwenty‐one client‐owned dogs undergoing necropsy.MethodsProspective ex vivo study. Three samples (3 mm, 5 mm, and wedge) were taken of 2 different hepatic divisions within 24 hours of death. Morphologic diagnosis, World Small Animal Veterinary Association histologic features, surface area, and portal triad numbers were compared among the 3 samples.ResultsThere were significantly more portal triads (mean 21.4 versus 13.8; P < .0001) and a higher surface area (20.3 mm2 versus 11.5 mm2; P < .0001) in the 5 mm samples compared to 3 mm samples. Kappa coefficients and percent agreement for histologic diagnosis as compared to the wedge biopsy were not significantly different between the 2 instrument sizes (κ = 0.383 and 0.436, respectively; 67% and 69%, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDespite yielding smaller sample sizes, the 3 mm laparoscopic cup biopsy has a similar level of histologic diagnostic accuracy to the 5 mm instrument.

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The impedance properties of acoustic duct liners are affected by airflow in the duct. Measurements have shown that interactions between the duct flow and the acoustically induced flow at and within the acoustic liners can cause significant changes in the effective liner impedance. Acoustic measurements in a flow environment are used to develop acoustic impedance mathematical models for use in lining design. These impedance measurements are made in a 2 × 2-in. cross-section flow duct using waveguide principles. The design of the duct and the data analysis technique are based on solution of the convected wave equation in an infinite waveguide. The sheared boundary layer velocity profiles in the duct are measured and used to calculate the acoustic impedance of the liner. Examples of measured attenuation and phase rate data are presented which show effects of duct flow velocity and wall impedance. A comparison with standing-wave impedance tube measurements in the limiting case at zero flow is also presented.

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