A fundamental question in the study of second language (L2) fluency is the extent to which temporal characteristics of speakers’ first language (L1) productions predict the same characteristics in the L2. A close relationship between a speaker’s L1 and L2 temporal characteristics would suggest that fluency is governed by an underlying trait. This longitudinal investigation compared L1 and L2 English fluency at three times over 2 years in Russian- and Ukrainian- (which we will refer to here as Slavic) and Mandarin-speaking adult immigrants to Canada. Fluency ratings of narratives by trained judges indicated a relationship between the L1 and the L2 in the initial stages of L2 exposure, although this relationship was found to be stronger in the Slavic than in the Mandarin learners. Pauses per second, speech rate, and pruned syllables per second were all related to the listeners’ judgments in both languages, although vowel durations were not. Between-group differences may reflect differential exposure to spoken English and a closer relationship between Slavic languages and English than between Mandarin and English. Suggestions for pedagogical interventions and further research are also proposed.
In this study we surveyed teachers and program coordinators of Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) from Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta to determine to what degree they believe they are incorporating citizenship concepts into the ESL classroom. Respondents provided us with information on the nature of their programs, the role of LINC, the types of materials they used, general course content, challenges faced, and their evaluation of the success of LINC in view of the government mandate to provide instruction that will lead to social integration. Most LINC providers felt that their programs were well tailored to the needs of their students, but in general they did not see LINC as a substitute for citizenship preparation courses. We recommend that optional citizenship courses be made widely available to immigrants after LINC, where the focus is on complex issues facing Canadians rather than a superficial coverage of facts for the citizenship test.
Les auteurs s’intéressent à la multiplication des travaux de recherche canadiens sur la prononciation de la L2 depuis le début des années 1990. Malgré le nombre des phonéticiens et des professeurs de langue réclamant que soit enseignée la prononciation depuis plusieurs décennies, les travaux empiriques consacrés à la pédagogie de la prononciation étaient plutôt rares au début des années 1980, nonobstant l’arrivée de réfugiés vietnamiens dont beaucoup avaient besoin d’assistance en matière d’intelligibilité. Par un heureux hasard, des étudiants en linguistique de l’Université de l’Alberta enseignant dans le cadre d’un programme d’anglais langue seconde se sont vu confier l’enseignement de cours dédiés à la prononciation. Au terme de leurs études, les auteurs avaient exploré en profondeur les problèmes soulevés par la prononciation de la L2. Au départ, ils ont éprouvé de la difficulté à publier, les revues ne parvenant pas à recruter de lecteurs critiques appropriés. Après quelque temps, ils ont néanmoins décroché des subventions, embauché des étudiants et rencontré des collègues partageant les mêmes intérêts. Les étudiants de cycle supérieur de plusieurs universités ont fait porter leurs études sur la prononciation, élargissant nos connaissances sur l’enseignement de la prononciation et ouvrant la voie à une deuxième et une troisième vagues de chercheurs. Une dynamique de groupe positive et une inlassable curiosité scientifique ont conféré au Canada un rôle prépondérant dans la recherche empirique sur la prononciation.
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