This article explores one way in which the Classical Islamic community in Java, Indonesia, seeks to negotiate modernization and globalization through the interface of an Islamic boarding school (pesantren) and higher education. This negotiation requires imagining and (reinventing both modernity and tradition. By examining how the leadership of a particular pesantren for university students engages these processes in their curricular goals and practices, this article expands theoretical considerations of education in translocal processes such as Islamization and globalization.

After more than a decade studying the Indonesian pesantren, the author had an opportunity to visit similar institutions in Thailand. After placing them in historical context, this paper explores how these institutions vary in Southeast Asia. Although it is reasonable to presume that pondok between different countries and areas in the region started out virtually indistinguishable in form and function, local and national histories have shaped them differently. This paper explicitly compares pondok in three distinct areas: Indonesia, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, and the Deep South in Thailand; the former two based on fieldwork and the latter based on literature review. It is common for some analysts and governments to associate pondok with violence. The evidence suggests that this is misplaced. The paper concludes that before an authoritative statement can be made on this point, more research is needed.

Western media and Western policy makers sometimes perceive traditional Islamic schools throughout the Islamic world as a source of radicalism. The history of pesantren in Indonesia shows that this is not only mistaken but also a perspective that leads the West away from a potential ally in the efforts to create a world of peaceful coexistence. The mystical traditions of pesantren form a strong basis from which most Indonesians have eschewed radical Islamism. These traditions are rooted in the popular Muslim folklore surrounding the foundation of Islam in Indonesia. This paper argues that more recent history shows the foundations of current debates regarding the establishment of shari>ah as the law of the land as well as some actions of the Suharto regime inadvertently encouraged the growth of radical Islamism. Finally, the paper concludes that, in order to fully understand the current situation and the future, more research is needed. A few starting points are discussed in this paper. 2 There are 3 English terms that all are close in capture the sense of the meaning of pesantren, but all fall to fully convey the full meaning: Islamic boarding school, Islamic seminary, Islamic monastery.

As Indonesia strives to overcome its position as a periphery nation, its populations are faced with increasing challenges to traditional identity and morality. With economic development comes a great exposure to global consumer culture. This paper examines how traditionalist Muslims in Java, Indonesia, are facing the perceived impact of globalization through educational efforts and the re-invention of tradition. A key institution in this process is the Islamic boarding school called pesantren. Pesantren curriculum has become a focal point in the strategy of the traditionalist community to encounter globalization. By shaping curriculum, pesantren leaders are trying to mold future generations of Indonesian leaders and citizens. The goal is to create a society that is fully modern, fully globalized, fully Indonesian, and fully Islamic, one student at a time. In this process, both modernity and tradition are re-invented in such a way that one cannot exist without the other.

__Public Administration is a branch of Social Science disciplines taught at universities in Indonesia. Indonesia is a country that is predominantly Muslim. However, the education system faces problems of secularization that is split between education and religion. This can be seen in the teaching of public administration disciplines which mostly uses Western worldview than the Islamic worldview. The results of the study, to several libraries of the universities in Indonesia showed that the administration public textbooks available to students mostly from the Western textbooks than Islamic textbooks, that it has generated a lot of administrative problems in Indonesia; while the textbooks approach puts Islamic worldview and religion as a source of knowledge, to achieve happiness in the world and life hereafter inwardly and outwardly very little available. Therefore, Islamic public administration is needed; and it requires steps for Islamization of public administration in higher education in Indonesia; to empowering character education for national defence.