Objective: To demonstrate how a human-centered service design approach can generate practical tools for good-quality childbirth care in low-resource settings.Methods: As part of the WHO "Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty" (BOLD) project, a service design approach was used in eight Ugandan and Nigerian health facilities and communities to develop the "Passport to Safer Birth." There are three phases: Research for Design, Concept Design, and Detail Design. These generated design principles, design archetype personas, and Passport prototypes. Data collection methods included desk research, interviews, group discussions, and journey mapping to identify touchpoints where the woman interacts with the health system. Results:A total of 90 interviews, 12 observation hours, and 15 group discussions were undertaken. The resulting design principles were: a shared and deeper understanding of pregnancy and childbirth among family and community; family readiness for decision-making and action; and the woman's sense of being in control and being cared for. Four archetype personas of women emerged: Vulnerable; Passive; Empowered;Accepter. Subsequent development of the Passport to Safer Birth tools addressed three domains: Care Mediator; Expectation Manager; and Pregnancy Assistant. Conclusion:The service design approach can create innovative, human-centered service solutions to improve maternity care experiences and outcomes in low-resource settings. K E Y W O R D SCo-design; Human-centered design; Maternal health; Nigeria; Passport to safer birth; Service design; Uganda | INTRODUCTIONIn 2014, the WHO initiated the "Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty" (BOLD) project to address the quality of facility-based childbirth care in low-resource settings. The goal of this project is to accelerate the reduction of childbirth-related maternal, fetal, and newborn mortality and morbidity by addressing critical impediments in the process of labor and childbirth care, taking advantage of the interactions between the health system and the community. 1 The project sought to achieve this goal through a two-pronged approach: the development of a Simplified, Effective, of service prototypes and/or tools that improve or enable new interactions between communities and health facilities. These tools were designed using an approach that applies humancentered design methods to co-design solutions together with end users. This paper reports on the development process. The PSB tools developed as a result are described in Salgado et al. 4 | Service design process as a tool to engage users and stakeholders in service innovationThe approach used to design the PSB service tools and concept is called service design, which is an emerging discipline focused on ideating, defining, and implementing services using a customer centric approach. 5 The service design process aims to innovate and improve new or existing services to make them more useful, desirable, and usable to the customer while ensuring efficiency and effectiveness to the service provi...

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Child sacrifice remains a profound challenge to human socio-cultural rights. The increasing problem manifests in several dimensions. It results to death of some children, disappearance of others, children with life-time deformations and/or irreversible disabilities, to the detriment of the child and his/her immediate and extended families. Each child and family victim faces unique and diverse traumatic experiences and peculiar challenges, so are the coping mechanisms, where coping ever occurs. This paper identifies some of the challenges contingent upon cases illustrated. Analysis of the challenges faced and possible coping is guided by a framework of theories that underpin coping with traumatic experiences. These include; the play therapy for children, cognitive-behavioural therapy, the stage specific model, narrative coping mechanisms, and support and self-help groups therapy. Hence, a reflection on how the victims, survivors and their families/caregivers actually cope in practice, based on documented cases is made.

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