This report describes the historical evolution, development, rationale and validation of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL), a self-report symptom inventory. The HSCL is comprised of 58 items which are representative of the symptom configurations commonly observed among outpatients. It is scored on five underlying symptom dimensions-somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression-which have been identified in repeated factor analyses. A series of studies have established the factorial invariance of the primary symptom dimensions, and substantial evidence is given in support of their construct validity. Normative data in terms of both discrete symptoms and primary symptom dimensions are presented on 2,500 subjects-l,800 psychiatric outpatients and 700 normals. Indices of pathology reflect both intensity of distress and prevalence of symptoms in the normative samples. Standard indices of scale reliability are presented, and a broad range of criterion-related validity studies, in particular an important series reflecting sensitivity to treatment with psychotherapeutic drugs, are reviewed and discussed. 4 4HE SEED to expedite the processing of T large numbers of men for military scrvicc during World War I led Robert Woodworth to develop a procedure whereby each man was able to interview himself. This effort resulted in a psychological scale termed the Personal Data Sheet (Woodworth, 1918), which historically represents the first systematic example of a mode of psychological measurement, the self-report inventory.The self-report mode of psychological measurement possesses several unique characteristics to recommend it, as well as ii number of inherent limitations. In thc area of psychopathology, the self-report mode can provide exclusive information that is simply unavailable through othcr assessment channels. Sclf-report scales possess the singular advantage of reflecting information via thc

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Impaired glucose tolerance is a well documented consequence of absolute bedrest in man. Previous studies have shown a decrease in forearm glucose uptake during intravenous glucose infusion after fourteen days of bedrest. Bedrest is associated not only with physical inactivity but with a change in gravitational vector. This study was designed to examine the individual contributions of these factors to the glucose intolerance of bedrest. Thus, glucose tolerance tests were carried out in exercising subjects at bedrest and in rhesus monkeys immobilized in the vertical plane. Exercise in man improved glucose tolerance during bedrest, and vertically immobilized monkeys demonstrated significant glucose intolerance. It is concluded that the glucose intolerance of bedrest is a function of the decrease in physical activity.

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