With the trigonal linker 4,4′,4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoic acid as a building block, porous cobalt metal–organic frameworks (named as PCN) have been successfully prepared and directly utilized as active materials in alkaline battery-type devices. For comparison, their carbon-supported hybrids (CNFs/PCN) have also been employed as battery-type electrodes. We found that the pristine PCN displayed a better performance than the CNFs/PCN composite electrode in electrochemical cells. To further investigate their electrochemical performances, alkaline battery–supercapacitor hybrid (BSH) devices with these materials as positive electrodes and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode were fabricated. The results indicate that the PCN//AC BSH devices delivered a maximum energy density of 16.0 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 749 W kg–1 within the voltage range of 0–1.5 V, which are much higher than those of CNFs/PCN//AC devices (12.4 Wh kg–1 at 753 W kg–1).

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Recent progress in MOF materials for SCs with different spatial dimensions, such as 2D MOFs, including conductive MOFs and nanosheets, and 3D MOFs, categorized as single metallic and multiple metallic MOFs, are reviewed.

Different amount of carbon and nitrogen, for MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon/Mn3O4 composites, can result in the discrepancies of synergistic effect which plays an important role in final electrochemical performance.