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The interaction between stored organic matters in crowns and leaf cytokinin induced by roots was determined to investigate the compensatory growth of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum. Lam). The experiment comprised five treatments: (a) clipping once with 5 cm crown height, (b) clipping once with 2 cm crown height, (c) clipping twice with 5 cm crown height, (d) clipping twice with 2 cm crown height and (e) no clipping. Results showed that low crowns and single clipping promoted regrowth and the sum total of all previously clipping and final harvest of Italian ryegrass. Super compensatory growth and compensatory growth, which were assessed based in total biomasses, respectively, occurred in Italian ryegrasses with high crowns and single defoliation and those with high crowns only. Increased leaf net photosynthetic rates in Italian ryegrasses with high crown were promoted by stored organic matter in crown and leaf cytokinin in the first and later 7‐day regrowth periods, respectively. Compared with single clipping, frequent clipping decreased the stored organic matter in roots; causing decreases in leaf cytokinin concentration and photosynthetic rate. The delivery rate of cytokinin from the roots to the leaves determined the leaf cytokinin concentration in Italian ryegrass during the regrowth period. Thus, organic matters from crowns and leaf cytokinin induced by roots played a combined effect on aboveground compensatory growth in the Italian ryegrasses.

The effect of plant population density (PPD) and root-induced leaf cytokinin on the compensatory growth of potted corn seedlings during post-drought rewatering was investigated. The study design comprised four treatments: (1) wetness with low PPD, (2) wetness with high PPD, (3) rewatering with low PPD, and (4) rewatering with high PPD. Results showed that drought stress restrained the growth of corns. By contrast, rewatering enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and growth of corns. During the 8 days of rewatering, compensatory growth during post-drought rewatering occurred in corns with high PPD; however, such compensatory growth did not occur in corns with low PPD. Zeatin riboside concentrations in leaves and xylem saps were significantly higher under rewatering treatment than those under wet treatment. High leaf cytokinin concentration accelerated corn growth. The coefficients of variation and Gini-coefficient of wet treatment were significantly higher than those of rewatering treatment under high PPD, demonstrating that intense intraspecific competition occurred in the wet treatment. Extreme intraspecific competition negatively affected net photosynthetic rate. In brief, the interactions between root-induced leaf cytokinin and weak intraspecific competition promoted the compensatory growth under high PPD.

BackgroundSleep disturbance and neuropsychiatric symptoms are common clinical symptoms of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between sleep quality and neuropsychiatric performance in patients with CSVD.MethodsA total of 30 patients with CSVD and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Symptom Check List 90 (SCL90) were used to assess depression, anxiety, and other psychological symptoms, respectively. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and cognitive function was tested using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).ResultsWhen compared to the HC group, the patients with CSVD showed increased anxiety and neuropsychiatric symptoms, worse sleep quality, and impaired cognition (p < 0.05). The prevalence of comorbid poor sleep quality in the patients with CSVD was approximately 46%. The patients with CSVD with poor sleep quality also had more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. After controlling for demographic variables, sex and anxiety significantly predicted sleep quality.ConclusionThis study suggests that the prevalence of CSVD with poor sleep quality is high, and that sex and anxiety are independent risk factors for CSVD comorbid sleep quality.