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Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr kinase, which mediates cell-cycle arrest after DNA damage, and we previously reported that CHEK1 was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), indicating it was oncogenic gene. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of CHEK1 overexpression in HCC. We first verified the upregulated CHEK1 by qRT-PCR and western blot in 30 HCC samples compared with corresponding non-tumor liver tissues. In silico analysis showed that CHEK1 was a candidate target of miR-497, which was previously found to be downregulated in HCC by us. To test whether miR-497 could bind to 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of CHEK1, luciferase reporter assay was conducted. The result revealed that miR-497 could bind to the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of CHEK1 mRNA. Western blot showed that ectopic expression of miR-497 suppressed the CHEK1 expression and inhibition of miR-497 led to significant upregulation of CHEK1. Finally, miR-497 expression was measured in the same 30 HCC samples, and the correlation between miR-497 and CHEK1 was analyzed. The results indicated that miR-497 was downregulated in HCC and had a significant negative correlation with CHEK1. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CHEK1 was negatively regulated by miR-497, and the overexpressed CHEK1 was resulted from the downregulated miR-497 in HCC, which provided a potential molecular target for HCC therapy.