Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with advanced cirrhosis or post‐liver transplantation recurrence represents a high unmet medical need with no approved therapies effective across all HCV genotypes. The open‐label ALLY‐1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of a 60‐mg once‐daily dosage of daclatasvir (pan‐genotypic NS5A inhibitor) in combination with sofosbuvir at 400 mg once daily (NS5B inhibitor) and ribavirin at 600 mg/day for 12 weeks with a 24‐week follow‐up in two cohorts of patients with chronic HCV infection of any genotype and either compensated/decompensated cirrhosis or posttransplantation recurrence. Patients with on‐treatment transplantation were eligible to receive 12 additional weeks of treatment immediately after transplantation. The primary efficacy measure was sustained virologic response at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12) in patients with a genotype 1 infection in each cohort. Sixty patients with advanced cirrhosis and 53 with posttransplantation recurrence were enrolled; HCV genotypes 1 (76%), 2, 3, 4, and 6 were represented. Child‐Pugh classifications in the advanced cirrhosis cohort were 20% A, 53% B, and 27% C. In patients with cirrhosis, 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.9%‐92.0%) with genotype 1 infection achieved SVR12, whereas the corresponding rates in those with genotypes 2, 3, and 4 were 80%, 83%, and 100%, respectively; SVR12 rates were higher in patients with Child‐Pugh class A or B, 93%, versus class C, 56%. In transplant recipients, SVR12 was achieved by 95% (95% CI, 83.5%‐99.4%) and 91% of patients with genotype 1 and 3 infection, respectively. Three patients received peritransplantation treatment with minimal dose interruption and achieved SVR12. There were no treatment‐related serious adverse events. Conclusion: The pan‐genotypic combination of daclatasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin was safe and well tolerated. High SVR rates across multiple HCV genotypes were achieved by patients with post‐liver transplantation recurrence or advanced cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2016;63:1493‐1505)

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Noninferiority of atazanavir/ritonavir to lopinavir/ritonavir was confirmed at 96 weeks. Atazanavir/ritonavir had a better lipid profile and fewer gastrointestinal adverse events than lopinavir/ritonavir.

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BackgroundCASTLE compared the efficacy of atazanavir/ritonavir with lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir-emtricitabine in ARV-naïve subjects from 5 continents.ObjectivesDetermine the baseline rate and clinical significance of TDR mutations using ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) in ARV-naïve subjects in CASTLE.MethodsA case control study was performed on baseline samples for all 53 subjects with virologic failures (VF) at Week 48 and 95 subjects with virologic successes (VS) randomly selected and matched by CD4 count and viral load. UDS was performed using 454 Life Sciences/Roche technology.ResultsOf 148 samples, 141 had successful UDS (86 subtype B, 55 non-B subtypes). Overall, 30.5% of subjects had a TDR mutation at baseline; 15.6% only had TDR(s) at <20% of the viral population. There was no difference in the rate of TDRs by B (30.2%) or non-B subtypes (30.9%). VF (51) and VS (90) had similar rates of any TDRs (25.5% vs. 33.3%), NNRTI TDRs (11.1% vs.11.8%) and NRTI TDRs (24.4% vs. 25.5%). Of 9 (6.4%) subjects with M184V/I (7 at <20% levels), 6 experienced VF. 16 (11.3%) subjects had multiple TAMs, and 7 experienced VF. 3 (2.1%) subjects had both multiple TAMs+M184V, and all experienced VF. Of 14 (9.9%) subjects with PI TDRs (11 at <20% levels): only 1 experienced virologic failure. The majority of PI TDRs were found in isolation (e.g. 46I) at <20% levels, and had low resistance algorithm scores.ConclusionAmong a representative sample of ARV-naïve subjects in CASTLE, TDR mutations were common (30.5%); B and non-B subtypes had similar rates of TDRs. Subjects with multiple PI TDRs were infrequent. Overall, TDRs did not affect virologic response for subjects on a boosted PI by week 48; however, a small subset of subjects with extensive NRTI backbone TDR patterns experienced virologic failure.