Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the surgical treatment of intraspinal rib head dislocation (IRH) in children with dystrophic scoliosis secondary to type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1-DS). Methods: From 2006 to 2019, 32 of 128 patients with NF1-DS were found to have IRH and enrolled in this study. There were 19 boys and 13 girls with an average age of 8.8±2.6 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A (n=25) without IRH resection and group B (n=7) with IRH resection. The intraspinal rib proportion (IRP), apical vertebra rotation, apical vertebral translation, main thoracic curve Cobb angle, trunk shift and thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal vertebral axis were measured before and after the operation. Spinal injury was graded based on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale. Results: The study group had a total of 42 IRH. The mean follow-up duration was 46.1±28.7 months. The preoperative IRP in both groups was similar (35.5±14.3% vs. 31.2±15.3%, P =0.522). The postoperative IRP was lower in group B (18.5±11.2% vs. 0%, P =0.002). The IRP in group A decreased from preoperative (31.2±15.3%) to postoperative (18.5±11.2%) ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the apical vertebra rotation, apical vertebral translation, main thoracic curve Cobb angle, trunk shift, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal vertebral axis between the 2 groups before surgery and after surgery. Four patients with nerve injury caused by the IRH had full neurological recovery postoperatively. All patients were ASIA grade E at the last follow-up. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of IRH in children with NF1-DS should be determined on the basis of the presence of preoperative neurological symptoms. This study supports the practice of correcting spinal deformities only in patients with mild or no spinal cord injury. If there are obvious neurological symptoms, IRH resection is necessary to relieve spinal cord compression to recover nerve function. Level of Evidence: Level III.

Latent fingerprints are invisible impressions that need to be developed before being used for individual identification. To advance fingerprint powdering, which is the most common method of developing latent fingerprints on nonporous substrates, two types of green-light-excited carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized hydrothermally using rhodamine 6G (R6G) and rhodamine B (RB) as the precursors. Under the physical effects of capillary attraction and coffee-ring effect, they were dispersed into hierarchical porous micron-sized diatomite (DE) in a facile, cost-effective, and eco-friendly way. The evolution of fluorescence characteristics from water-dispersed CDs to solid CDs/DE composite powders is clarified from the perspectives of physical properties and microstructures of the CDs and diatomite matrix. Optimized green fluorescent R6G-CDs/DE and yellow fluorescent RB-CDs/DE can be excited by visible light (green region) and show very high performance in fingerprint development under the luminescence modes, which has low phototoxicity and helps to preserve chemical information in fingerprint residues. Furthermore, image enhancement protocols, called "digital filters", established based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of red, green, and blue (RGB) channel images of fluorescent fingerprints developed with the CDs/DE composite powders are very efficient in eliminating background interferences of challenging surfaces such as multicolored or patterned substrates. The as-prepared new materials for fingerprint development and the created methods for image enhancement show great promise in practical application scenarios.

Study Design. Questionnaire translation and validation. Objective. The aim of this study was to translate the Early-Onset Scoliosis 24-Item Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) into simplified Chinese and to evaluate the reliability and validity of this questionnaire in children with early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in mainland China. Summary of Background Data. The EOSQ-24 is a validated quality of life questionnaire in children with EOS and has been translated into multiple languages and used worldwide. However, there is currently no simplified Chinese version available for use in mainland China. Methods. The English version of the EOSQ-24 questionnaire was translated into simplified Chinese based on the recommendations of the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQoLA) group. The reliability of the scale was evaluated using test–retest reliability and internal consistency, and construct validity was examined through factor analysis. Hundred childrenwith EOS were enrolled in the study. To assess the test–retest reliability of the scale, the parents or caregivers of 38 of participants repeated the questionnaire after 2 weeks. Results. Test–retest reliability was excellent overall (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.935) and ranged from moderate to excellent for each domain (ICC = 0.681–0.945). The overall internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach α = 0.893) and had a variable range for each domain (Cronbach α = 0.560–0.889). Factor analysis was performed, and seven principal components were extracted that accounted for 70.1% of the variance. Conclusion. The simplified Chinese version of the EOSQ-24 scale has acceptable reliability and construct validity, and it can be used for the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL), caretaker burden, and satisfaction for children with EOS in mainland China. Level of Evidence: 3