Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occur in one third of patients. Ocular complications are infrequent, occurring in less than 10% of cases, but can be associated with significant morbidity, including blindness. Ocular complaints are often nonspecific; clinical relevance may not be appreciated by patient or physician and, thus, be misdiagnosed. Evaluation of the eye should be a routine component in the care of patients with IBD. Clinicians must be aware of the spectrum of ocular symptoms and know that these complaints may precede a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). We review ocular pathology in IBD to alert clinicians to the diverse, at times confusing, spectrum of eye disorders associated with these diseases. Clinical manifestations include blurred vision, teary, burning or itchy eyes, ocular pain, photophobia, conjunctival or scleral hyperemia, loss of visual acuity, and possible blindness. Many patients are unaware that IBD has a risk of eye complications and, therefore, patient education is vital.

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy of local corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of eyelid and orbital xanthogranuloma in adults.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of six patients receiving local triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) injections for the treatment of eyelid and orbital xanthogranuloma at the University of Michigan. All patients underwent diagnostic biopsy prior to treatment. The effects of this therapy on symptoms and signs of the disease were assessed.

Although uneventful small-incision phacoemulsification improved visual acuity in diabetic patients, this group had an overall worse visual outcome than nondiabetic patients. The most important predictors of visual outcome were coexisting diabetes and the extent of preoperative retinopathy. Methods used to assess preoperative visual potential provided a reasonable estimate of postoperative BCVA in diabetic patients. Given the inverse association between the level of retinopathy and visual outcome, it may be better to perform cataract extraction in diabetic patients during earlier stages of retinopathy.

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