We present the original results of set of toxicity tests of the herbicide Paraquat, used in sugar cane fields, and the cultivation of pineapple and, Eucalyptus, on zooplankton and benthos organisms from reservoirs of the Brazilian Northeast Littoral Zone. We demonstrate that Macrobrachium amazonicum (prawn), Pomacea lineata (snail) and Daphnia similis (cladoceran) are several orders of magnitude more sensitive than test organisms (aquatic insects, amphipods, and cladocerans) classically used in temperate regions. Combining typical herbicide application data together with rainfall and water level seasonality of Gramame Reservoir, we emphasize highly fluctuation patterns of toxicity for the other reservoirs in the region. Therefore, they urge the enforcement of management policies based on the implementation of a watershed-scaled biomonitoring program using the here employed test organisms. Reservoirs of the Brazilian Northeast was deteriorating (eutrophication, pollution; including frequent cyanobacteria blooming, often toxic), and multi-use management, particularly to meet the water drinking demand of rural and urban populations, is now a crucial need. The suggestion of implementing a biomonitoring program based on toxicity tests of particularly sensitive organisms are then more appropriate than a costly large-scale high technology program. The use of locally dominant organisms instead of temperate standards is essential. The demonstrated high sensitivity of Daphnia species to Paraquat may well explain why rotifers often dominate the zooplankton in reservoirs of this region, as herbicides and pesticides are widely as well as intensively used in the Northeast Semi-Arid Regions (e.g. Agreste and Sertão).
As unidades de conservação são espaços territoriais legalmente protegidos por ato governamental consideradas como a principal ferramenta para a conservação da biodiversidade in situ. Com o advento da Lei nº 9.985/2000, que criou o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC), foi inaugurada a política de gestão territorial, com o intuito de melhor conservar a biodiversidade, principalmente pela proteção dos biomas brasileiros mais susceptíveis à degradação ambiental, como é a Caatinga, característica da região semiárida. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo traçar um panorama atual das unidades de conservação criadas na Região do Semiárido do Brasil, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e da legislação vigente. Ao final da pesquisa, foi observado que foram criadas 252 unidades de conservação em todos os estados que abrangem a Região Semiária do Brasil, das quais 72 são de proteção integral e 180 de uso sustentável, sendo as reservas particulares do patrimônio natural (RPPN) foram as mais criadas (119), no entanto protegem apenas 0,06% do semiárido. Tendo em vista a fragilidade do Bioma Caatinga, há a necessidade premente de aumentar o alcance das políticas públicas para proteger seus ecossistemas.
Resumo.A atividade turística contribui para o desenvolvimento local, gerando emprego e renda, inclusive através da utilização dos recursos naturais e histórico-culturais como atrativos. Neste sentido é importante que esta atividade seja desenvolvida com base em um planejamento, que respeite os limites dos espaços e recursos locais de forma sustentável. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o nível de sustentabilidade da atividade turística do Delta do Parnaíba (Estados do Piauí e Maranhão, Brasil), por meio de pesquisa exploratória e explicativa, com base em um estudo de campo e uma abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o nível de sustentabilidade turística no Delta do Parnaíba encontra-se parcialmente insustentável, pois no geral foram identificados 17 indicadores sustentáveis e 22 indicadores insustentáveis. Diante do exposto há uma necessidade urgente do poder público viabilizar políticas que venham melhorar os indicadores para contribuir com o desenvolvimento da atividade turística de forma sustentável e consequentemente com o desenvolvimento local sustentável. Palavras-chave:Delta das Américas; Indicadores de sustentabilidade; Indicadores de sustentabilidade do turismo; Sistema de indicadores sustentabilidade; Turismo sustentável. Abstract. Sustainability of the tourist activity of the Delta doParnaíba, States of Piauí and Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. Tourism activity contributes to local development, generating jobs and income, and it depends on the use of natural and historical-cultural resources as an attraction. In this sense, this activity should be developed based on planning that respects the limits of local spaces and resources in a sustainable way. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the level of sustainability of tourist activity in the Delta do Parnaíba (States of Piauí and Maranhão, Brazil), through an exploratory research, based on a field study and a qualitative approach. The obtained results demonstrated that the level of tourism sustainability in the Delta do Parnaíba is partially unsustainable since 17 sustainable indicators and 22 unsustainable indicators were identified. In view of the above, it was concluded that the public power should develop measures to
A methodology to inventory water quality in northeast Brazil through biomonitoring is described. Essentially the methodology is based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency protocol supplemented by benthic macroinvertebrate diversity data. To date six test species have been selected to represent the overall aquatic biota response to different pollutants: the snail (Pomacea linetata), fish (Molienesia sp.), prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum), zooplankton (Daphnia similis), macrophytes (Lemna sp.) and periphytic algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). These organisms will be exposed to test waters and evaluated with regard to acute toxicity (survival) and chronic toxicity (photosynthesis, respiration, excretion, growth and reproduction).An extensive training program has been set-up. Regional governmental laboratories and staff will be equipped with the capacity to conduct bioassays routinely. Training and research activities are housed in the Environmental Management laboratories at the Federal Technical School of Paraíba, as well as at the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Systematic and Ecology Department. ᭧
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