The aim of this study was to explore the force irradiation effects of upper limb isometric diagonal exercises on shoulder muscle activities. Interactions among diagonal directions, contraction intensities (moderate and maximum) and sex were assessed. Thirty healthy subjects (11 males) performed isometric unilateral diagonal exercises based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique in an isokinetic dynamometer with their dominant upper limbs. The second diagonal for flexion and for extension were assessed while the participants performed their maximum isometric torque (MIT) and at 25% of their MIT. During the exercise the muscle activity of the medial deltoid, pectoralis major and upper trapezius in the non-dominant (non-exercised) upper limbs of the participants was recorded by surface electromyography. The highest muscle activity occurred in the upper trapezius during the diagonal for flexion (27% of maximum isometric voluntary contractions). Upper trapezius and pectoralis major were more active during the diagonal for flexion than diagonal for extension (p < 0.001), while similar values between both diagonals were observed for the medial deltoid (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we observed that force irradiation during upper limb diagonal exercises is affected by diagonal direction, contraction intensity and sex when performed by healthy participants.

No abstract

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of people, 5 years of age and older speaking a language other than English at home has more than doubled within the last three decades. Spanish speakers are prominent in these numbers. Additionally, 41% report speaking English less than “very well.” We can surmise from this data that a significant number of patients/families seeking hearing health services from audiologists may have limited English proficiency or a language barrier. In contrast, according to ASHA demographics, the majority of audiologists in the United States are monolingual and speak primarily English. Audiology, a discipline with communication at its heart, is in a distinctive position to continue to provide high-quality, accessible, culturally sensitive services, regardless of language barriers. Ten audiologists in northern NJ volunteered to try a real time translation mobile app (Google Translate App) and document their experiences with the use of this tool with their Spanish-speaking patients/families. Results suggest that a mobile translation app may be a viable option to address language barriers in the audiology practice when professional and/or ad-hoc interpreters are not available. Technology driven solutions can then be applied to customize the translation apps to the specific needs of the audiology practice (e.g., vernacular used in adult vs. pediatric populations, or vestibular vs. rehabilitation terminology). Healthcare literacy is also addressed in the content of patient education and cultural competence.

Introducción: el diagnóstico de TB puede ser particularmente difícil en niños infectados con VIH porque es común la superposición clínica con otra enfermedad relacionada con el VIH, lo que dificulta y retrasa un correcto diagnóstico. Objetivo: conocer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes VIH/SIDA diagnosticados con tuberculosis en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2010- 2016. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, la información se obtuvo de los expedientes de los pacientes VIH/SIDA diagnosticados con tuberculosis en el Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral durante el periodo 2010-2016. Las variables de estudio se recolectaron en un instrumento diseñado para estos fines. Los datos se procesaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 2007 y en el análisis se usó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el 13.2 % de los pacientes con VIH desarrollaron TB, 72.3 % presentaba una inmunosupresión grave al momento del diagnóstico de TB, 45 % refería el antecedente de contacto TB y el 90.5 % era intradomiciliario. 53 % no estaba recibiendo TARV antes de establecer el diagnóstico TB. Tos (65.9 %), fiebre (61.7 %) y pérdida o mal progreso de peso (40.4 %), fueron las principales manifestaciones clínicas. 76.6 % completó 6 meses de tratamiento, 17 % se perdió durante el seguimiento y 4.3 % falleció durante el tratamiento. Conclusión: 13.2 % de los pacientes con VIH desarrollaron tuberculosis, con un importante deterioro de su inmunidad al momento de hacer este diagnóstico, más de la mitad no recibía terapia antiretroviral; un alto porcentaje de estos pacientes tenían antecedente de contacto intradomiciliario con un caso TB, 17 % abandono tratamiento antituberculosis luego de iniciado.