Magnetic resonance imaging is effective to diagnose some diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of children. The images allow the detection of early stages of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cases of joint ankylosis and is currently considered the most reliable exam for an objective and noninvasive assessment of intracapsular soft tissues. The objective of this literature review was to assess some of the temporomandibular joint changes in children using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The assessment of TMJs of children performed through MRI make the diagnosis more accurate and objective. Detecting alterations during the early stages of juvenile idiopathic arthritis using 3T MRI devices is possible utilizing contrast tools, which as a result, provides better prognosis and treatment.

Aim: This study aim was to evaluate if patients with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis have an increased risk of periodontal disease (horizontal and vertical bone loss) when compared to diabetic patients without osteoporosis. Additionally, to assess if patients with diabetes and osteoporosis have a greater risk of reduction of bone mineral density in the mandible, expressed by mandibular cortical index (MCI) when compared to diabetic patients without osteoporosis. Methods: 59 patients (39 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis; 20 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without osteoporosis) were selected. Type 2 diabetes was previously diagnosed by glycated hemoglobin examination and osteoporosis by peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mandibular cortical index, as well as the presence of vertical and horizontal bone loss was verified on panoramic radiographs. Adjusted odds ratio analyses were performed on presence of periodontal disease and MCI considering the effect of osteoporosis. Results: Absence of statistical significance between variables was found. Conclusions: There is no difference between the risk of periodontal disease or low MCI among osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic type 2 diabetic patients.

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