It is possible to substitute soybean meal by dehulled lupine seed with enzymes in broiler diets, obtaining similar BW gains in broilers fed the MLE and MS diets; however, a higher feed intake is required. Additionally, the MLE diet reduced welfare-related variables.

No abstract

The Annonaceae fruits weevil (Optatus palmaris) causes high losses to the soursop production in Mexico. Damage occurs when larvae and adults feed on the fruits; however, there is limited research about control strategies against this pest. However, pheromones provide a high potential management scheme for this curculio. Thus, this research characterized the behavior and volatile production of O. palmaris in response to their feeding habits. Olfactometry assays established preference by weevils to volatiles produced by feeding males and soursop. The behavior observed suggests the presence of an aggregation pheromone and a kairomone. Subsequently, insect volatiles sampled by solid-phase microextraction and dynamic headspace detected a unique compound on feeding males increased especially when feeding. Feeding-starvation experiments showed an averaged fifteen-fold increase in the concentration of a monoterpenoid on males feeding on soursop, and a decrease of the release of this compound males stop feeding. GC-MS analysis of volatiles identified this compound as α-terpineol. Further olfactometry assays using α-terpineol and soursop, demonstrated that this combination is double attractive to Annonaceae weevils than only soursop volatiles. The results showed a complementation effect between α-terpineol and soursop volatiles. Thus, α-terpineol is the aggregation pheromone of O. palmaris, and its concentration is enhanced by host-plant volatiles.

No abstract

Comadia redtenbacheri (Hammerschmidt, 1847) is an insect highly regarded for its commercial and nutritional value. Adult fluctuation in a plantation of Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck was determined using ultraviolet light traps. Trapped adults were counted weekly during three periods (December 2013 to December 2014, December 2014 to December 2015, and December 2015 to June 2016), and temperature and relative humidity were recorded. Adult population was present 157 days on average, from December to May, with peak capture on day 83. The average sex ratio of females to males was 1:14. Average environmental conditions that favoured the highest capture in the three periods were 17.8º C and 47.1% relative humidity. Knowledge of the period of adult presence and the influence of temperature and relative humidity are important for management and conservation of the insect population by farmers and gatherers.