No abstract

Background: Extremely low weight has been associated with a high risk of sequelae or Neurodevelopmental disorders, including personality disorders and emotional distress.Objective: to learn the differences in neurodevelopment at 2 and 4 years of infants with a weight ≤1500g. Material and Methods: observational, analytical retrospective, comparative study of a cohort of children with a birth weight ≤1500g compared with children >1500g who attended the Pediatric Follow-up at the National Institute of Perinatology. BSID II and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale by Terman-Merril 4 th ed were used.Results: 128 patients were included in the comparative analysis; significant differences were found in MDI and PDI of BSID II. For the group ≤1500 g presented a higher incidence in behavior (Orientation, Commitment and/or Emotional Regulation).In the Intelligence Scale, the group of children <1500g at birth presented a statistically significant difference in all cognitive abilities and IQ.Conclusions: At two and four years of age, children weighing <1500 grams have lower scores in neurodevelopment when compared to the group >1500 grams. Behavioral problems are a factor that influences MDI and PDI at two years of age.

Background: High-risk birth is a public health problem that generates atypical parenting practices. This study aimed to identify these practices to construct and validate a scale to measure parenting factors and attitudes in children with high-risk birth parents. Methods: The instrument was applied to an intentional non-probabilistic sample of 701 parents of children with high-risk births (age range 17-64 years). The scale consists of 56 items, each with five Likert-type response options. Results: As a result of the factor analysis with Varimax rotation, the final version was divided into two subscales: factors and attitudes associated with parenting skills. In the first, with 36 items and six factors (low educational skills, overprotection, and permissive parenting, dissatisfaction with the parental role, stress in raising a child with a high-risk birth, tri-generational disapproval of the parental role, and positive support from the extended family), a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.90 was obtained, explaining 53.16 of the variance. In the second subscale, with 30 items grouped in four factors (parenting beliefs, negative coping with high-risk birth, self-validation in parenting, and parental resilience to the experience of high-risk birth parenting), a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 was obtained, explaining 48.08 of the variance. Conclusions: We suggest that this scale be applied together with others that measure theoretically related variables.

Introducción: El gateo representa la primera forma de locomoción autónoma. Se han mencionado las implicaciones de la adquisición del gateo para lograr la marcha independiente y el control motor en el niño, pero son pocos los estudios relacionados con el gateo y sus efectos en el niño de alto riesgo biológico. Por eso se intentó conocer la relación entre la adquisición del gateo y la marcha independiente en una población de niños nacidos de alto riesgo en un programa de seguimiento pediátrico. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de una cohorte de niños de alto riesgo que acuden al seguimiento pediátrico, en el cual se revisó el periodo de adquisición del patrón de gateo y la marcha independiente. Resultados: Se integraron cuatro grupos: gateo normal, gateo limítrofe, gateo con retraso y gateo nulo. Se estudió a 558 lactantes; los grupos se integraron con gateo normal, 238 niños; gateo limítrofe, 96 lactantes; retraso en la adquisición del gateo, 207 niños; y gateo nulo, 17 niños. Por género, las niñas gatean mejor, con peso y edad gestacional mayores y predominio en los gateadores. La escala de Bayley señala mejores puntuaciones para los gateadores. En los niños con gateo normal, la marcha independiente se adquirió en el periodo normal a diferencia del grupo con retraso en el gateo en el cual la marcha independiente apareció con retraso. Conclusiones: En este estudio se identificó una relación entre la edad de inicio del gateo con la edad de adquisición de la marcha independiente, con mejor evolución en los niños gateadores.