Resumo -A atividade microbiana tem sido empregada na avaliação de solos manejados, sendo um indicador importante na caracterização de solos alterados. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito de plantios de Acacia mangium com diferentes idades sobre os atributos químicos e atividade microbiana em solos representativos da Savana do Estado de Roraima. Os plantios de A. mangium de três e cinco anos encontravam-se em áreas de LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico e os de quatro e seis anos em ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico. As áreas próximas aos plantios com as mesmas condições de solos e com cobertura vegetal primária (savana natural) constituiram as testemunhas. Foram amostrados os horizontes A e B sendo avaliados os atributos químicos dos solos e a atividade microbiana. A pobreza química e elevada saturação por alumínio (%m) dos solos estudados influenciaram significativamente nos menores valores de C-CO 2 evoluído pela atividade microbiana. A maior atividade microbiana ocorreu em áreas plantadas independentemente do tipo de solo, em função das melhores condições químicas. Os maiores valores de C-CO 2 evoluído correlacionaram-se melhor com os teores de carbono orgânico e matéria orgânica do solo.Palavras-Chave -Matéria Orgânica do Solo. Florestamento. Respirometria. Sustentabilidade.Abstract -Microbial activity has been used in the evaluation of soils, an important indicator in the characterization of altered soils. Therefore, this study has as aim to evaluate the effect of replacing natural vegetation to plantations of Acacia mangium on microbial activity in soils of savannas in Roraima state. The areas studied consisted of plantations of acacia with three and five years in Yellow Latosol with four and six years in yellow Alfisols. Areas near the plantations with the same conditions of soil and vegetation (natural savanna) were considered control. Were sampled the A and B horizons, corresponding depths 0-30 and 30-60 cm respectively, with three replications for a total of 36 experimental units. The results showed an improvement of the microbiological condition of the conversion of soils in plantations of A. mangium, where most microbial activity occurred in areas planted regardless of soil type, depending on the best chemical conditions, the higher values of C-CO 2 evolved correlated better with the levels of organic carbon and soil organic matter. The poor chemical and high aluminum saturation (m%) of soil significantly influenced the lower values of C-CO 2 evolved by microbial activity.
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