16.9 km 2 is the main island (Lopes and Ulbrich, 2015), and the remaining area is distributed among 20 smaller islands, of which Rata Island is the largest with 0.8 km 2. The archipelago has suffered major ecological disturbances due to several human interventions. In 1737, fortifications were built, and the archipelago was transformed into a penal colony for almost 200 years. During this period, a large part of the native vegetation was devastated while exotic plants and animals were introduced to serve as food (Teixeira et al., 2003; Serafini et al., 2010). The human population in the archipelago increased significantly in 1942 through military occupation (i.e., World War II). Afterwards, significant changes were observed in the archipelago due to: • Several insecticide applications campaigns (i.e., DDT) for mosquito-control; • Wild animal introductions, such as the Teju lizard (Salvator merianae Duméril & Bibron) and the Mocó cavy (Kerodon rupestris Wied-Neuwied); • Release of birds seized in trade fairs and public markets of Recife (i.e., Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola (Linnaeus)), House Sparrow (Passer domesticus (Linnaeus)), and the White-bellied seedeater (Sporophila leucoptera (Vieillot));

Tropical forests are among the most biodiverse biomes on the planet. Nevertheless, quantifying the abundance and species richness within megadiverse groups is a significant challenge. We designed a study to address this challenge by documenting the variability of the insect fauna across a vertical canopy gradient in a Central Amazonian tropical forest. Insects were sampled over two weeks using 6-m Gressitt-style Malaise traps set at five heights (0 m–32 m–8 m intervals) on a metal tower in a tropical forest north of Manaus, Brazil. The traps contained 37,778 specimens of 18 orders of insects. Using simulation approaches and nonparametric analyses, we interpreted the abundance and richness of insects along this gradient. Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera had their greatest abundance at the ground level, whereas Lepidoptera and Hemiptera were more abundant in the upper levels of the canopy. We identified species of 38 of the 56 families of Diptera, finding that 527 out of 856 species (61.6%) were not sampled at the ground level. Mycetophilidae, Tipulidae, and Phoridae were significantly more diverse and/or abundant at the ground level, while Tachinidae, Dolichopodidae, and Lauxaniidae were more diverse or abundant at upper levels. Our study suggests the need for a careful discussion of strategies of tropical forest conservation based on a much more complete understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of its insect diversity.

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RESUMO -Apresenta-se os resultados do levantamento de formigas que infestam residências na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas. Comparou-se duas estações do ano (seca e chuvosa), dois períodos de atividade (diurno e noturno) e quatro diferentes cômodos da casa (sala, quarto, cozinha e banheiro). Todas residências estavam infestadas por pelo menos uma espécie de formiga; 21 espécies foram coletadas, sete delas consideradas características de habitats humanos e dessas, três são exóticas. Observou-se maior diversidade durante a época chuvosa e no período noturno. A cozinha foi o cômodo com maior ocorrência e a diversidade foi semelhante entre os cômodos; nenhuma espécie dominante foi observada; Tapinoma melanocephalum foi a espécie mais comum e quase sempre encontrada com outras espécies. Palavras-chave:Formigas urbanas, Manaus, Brasil.House Infesting Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the City of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.ABSTRACT -This research shows the results of a study of house infesting ants in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. It was compared two seasons (dry and rainy), two activity periods (day and night) and four different rooms of the house (living-room, bedroom, kitchen and bathroom). All the residences were infested with at least one type of ant. Twenty one species were collected, seven of them are considered as characteristic of human habitats, and of these three are exotic ants. The larger diversity was observed during the rainy season and during the night. The kitchen was the room with larger occurrence of ants, whereas the diversity was similar among the rooms. Tapinoma melanocephalum was the most common species, being found frequently with other ant species.

REVISÃO DO GÊNERO Euhybus COQUILLETT (DIPTERA, EMPIDIDAE, HYBOTINAE) DA REGIÃO NEOTROPICAL. GRUPO dimidiatus.Rosaly ALE-ROCHA 1 RESUMO -As espécies de Euhybus Coquillett do grupo dimidiatus são revisadas, cinco espécies novas da região amazônica são descritas, E. amazonicus (Santiago, Sierra de Cutucu, Ecuador), Ε. dubius (Parque Nacional do Jaú, Amazonas, Brasil), E. ikedai (Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas, Brasil), E. setulosus (Mocoa, Puntamayo, Colômbia) e E. symmetricus (Parque Nacional do Jaú, Amazonas, Brasil), novos registros geográficos são feitos, novas sinonímias estabelecidas e uma chave para os grupos de espécies de Euhybus é apresentada.Palavras-chave: Diptera, Empididae, Euhybus, Hybotinae, Taxonomia.Revision of the Genus Euhybus Coquillett (Diptera, Empididae, Hybotinae) from ABSTRACT -The species-group Euhybus dimidiatus are revised, five new amazonian species are described, E. amazonicus (Santiago, Sierra de Cutucu, Ecuador), E. dubius (Parque Nacional do Jaú, Amazonas, Brasil), Ε. ikedai (Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas, Brasil), E. setulosus (Mocoa, Puntamayo, Colômbia) and E. symmetricus (Parque Nacional do Jaú, Amazonas. Brasil), new records and new synonymy are maden, and a key to the species-group of Euhybus is presented.