Kidney transplantation in children was first performed early in the 1970s, and the rate of success for this type of treatment increased over time until becoming the best therapeutic option for children and adolescents with terminal chronic renal failure (TCRF). The mortality rate of paediatric patients with TCRF on dialysis is seven times higher than that of kidney transplant patients. In addition, kidney transplantation leads to adequate skeletal growth, neurocognitive development and maturation and better quality of life in children and adolescents compared with those on dialysis. [1][2][3] In Brazil, the public healthcare system funds 95% of kidney transplantations, with the country ranking second in the world regarding such a procedure, second only to the United States. In 2019, a total of 6283 kidney transplantations were performed in Brazil, of which 310 were in patients younger than 18 years old. 4 According to the Brazilian Transplant Registry, congenital and hereditary diseases are the primary causes of renal failure in children from birth to 4 years old. Between the ages of 5 and 14 years, renal failure is mostly caused by hereditary conditions, nephrotic syndrome and systemic diseases, whereas the main underlying diseases are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and the urinary tract (CAKUT) (40.5%) and glomerulopathy (28%). 5