Com o objetivo de estudar o consumo alimentar de adolescentes matriculados em um colégio particular de Teresina, realizou-se estudo transversal através de amostragem sistemática. A freqüência de consumo de alimentos expressa em dias por semana foi obtida mediante questionário administrado individualmente ao aluno. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal, considerando com sobrepeso valores > ou = P85. Os resultados indicam prevalência elevada de risco para o sobrepeso (19,8%) nos 334 adolescentes. Os meninos consumiram com maior freqüência alimentos energéticos (milho, manteiga, pizza, lasanha, sucos industrializados, refrigerantes) e construtores (frango, ovos, leguminosas) em relação às meninas (p < 0,05). Os adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos consumiram com maior freqüência milho, mel, açúcar, rapadura enquanto aqueles com idade entre 17 e 19 anos consumiram mais arroz, bolos, biscoitos, rosca, balas, goma de mascar, refrigerantes, frutas verde-amarelo.

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BackgroundThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered the most common endocrine disease during the woman's reproductive life, with prevalence ranging from 5 to 10 % of women of reproductive age. There is a paucity of studies regarding the use of the lipid accumulation product (LAP) as a risk marker for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 78 women aged 18 to 42 years seen at University Hospital of Maranhão, with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome according to the Rotterdam criteria. The following variables of interest were recorded on a protocol form: sociodemographic and behavioral data, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ResultsLogistic regression showed that, except for HDL, all cardiovascular risk markers presented a higher chance of being altered when the lipid accumulation product was above the cut off value of 37.9 cm.mmol/L.ConclusionThe lipid accumulation product seems to be sufficient to indicate a risk of cardiovascular diseases in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

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BackgroundConsumption of added sugars has been considered a worldwide public health concern by its association with metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. Meanwhile, current studies have suggested high-protein diets to promote weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) intake on high-sucrose-fed rats.MethodsWeaned male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: rats fed a standard chow (CT/CT, 10% sucrose) or rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, 25% sucrose) for a 20-week observational period. Subsequently, HS/HS animals were randomized into 3 new groups: rats maintained on HSD diet (HS/HS); rats submitted to HSD replacement by standard chow (HS/CT); and those with HSD replaced by HPD (HS/HP). All groups were followed up for 12 weeks during which we investigated the effects of HPD on body weight, energy intake, obesity development, glicemic/lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, tissue weight (adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscles), lipolytic activity, liver lipoperoxidation and histology, as well as serum markers of hepatic function.ResultsPost-weaning exposure to HSD led to metabolic syndrome phenotype at adulthood, herein characterized by central obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Only HPD feeding was able to revert weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as restore adipose tissue lipolytic response to sympathetic stimulus. On the other hand, either HPD or withdrawal from HSD promoted very similar metabolic outcomes upon 12-week nutritional intervention. HS/HP and HS/CT rats showed reduced fasting serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, which were correlated with the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity, as inferred from kITT and TyG Index values. Both nutritional interventions restored liver morphofunctional patterns, but only HPD restored lipid peroxidation.ConclusionsOur data showed that 12-week intake of an isocaloric moderately high-protein diet consistently restored high-sucrose-induced central adiposity and obesity in addition to the attenuation of other important metabolic outcomes, such as improvement of glucolipid homeostasis associated to increased insulin sensitivity and reversal of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, simple withdrawal from high-sucrose consumption also promoted the abovementioned metabolic outcomes with no impact on body weight.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-018-0290-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.