Potassium ferrocyanide Is encapsulated In the aqueous cavity of spherical phospholipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) at concentrations of approximately 104 molecules/llposome. Physical parameters and stability of these structures are determined by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. The electroactive marker Ions (ferrocyanide) are released from within the liposome by either the addition of surfactant or the complement lysis of the membrane. The classical complement pathway Is an antlgen/antlbody-speclflc reaction that occurs when an antigen-sensitized liposome Immunospeclflcally binds with a corresponding antibody In the presence of certain serum proteins (complement). The release of encapsulated ferrocyanide Is monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. Preliminary Investigations with an Ion-exchange polymer modified electrode demonstrate the ability to preconcentrate the released marker at the electrode surface as well as the necessity of a polymer film to protect the surface from fouling during serum-mediated lysis.

In nonaqueous solvents, water-based reference electrodes,

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