No abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurological disorder that often continues into adult age. Stimulants medication are the mainstay of treatment, however, in the recent years, there has been a lot of studies conducted to understand the effectiveness and feasibility of mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults. In this article, we have reviewed 17 articles to look for the beneficial effects of such therapy in adults. Overall, we found that there is a clear beneficial effect of such therapies, especially when used in adjunct with stimulant medication and may increase overall compliance. For better understanding, we suggest that large, well-designed studies should be conducted with robust strategies, allowing more comparison studies with the better analytical outcome.

The war in Syria has entered the seventh year, with no sign of resolution. It is often referred as "the greatest human tragedy" since World War 2. Because of limited health facilities, we propose telepsychiatric interventions for the provision of mental healthcare services in Syria and in refugee camps to treat post-trauma patients.

More than half (50.6%) of the children presenting with a label of suicidal ideation did not receive significant psychiatric intervention. This study calls into question the accuracy of suicide labeling in children referred to the ED.

Background: Increase awareness of the correlation between nyctophobia and hyposmia in individuals with COVID-19. Fear of sleep (nyctophobia) has been attributed to various conditions ranging from benign nocturnal panic attacks and Morvan's syndrome. Positional dependent hyposmia as an origin of nyctophobia has not heretofore been described. Case presentation: This 52-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of loss of smell and taste with COVID-19, which returned to 85% of normal. However, her symptoms worsened when she would lie down to 30% of normal but would improve with standing, moving, and sitting. Requiring her to stand for hours before her sense of smell would return led to her nyctophobia that forced her to move around all the time. Conclusions: Nyctophobia, a fear of positional dependent loss of smell, highlights the importance of smell to a narcissistic perception of self. This can be understood that the olfactory lobe is anatomically part of the limbic system. Deposition of memory engrams is facilitated as manifest with olfactory evoked nostalgia seen in 84% of the general population. The importance of smell is thus intrinsic to an individual's well-being, and the threat of loss of such sensation with a change in position with sleep was the precipitating event leading to nyctophobia in this subject. Assessing for fear of loss of smell in those with nyctophobia, especially with past COVID-19 infection, allows for an increased understanding of etiology and indicates potential treatment approaches.