Consolidation of contemporary paintings is a practice as complicated as delicate mainly due to the possibility of modifying the works' finishing. Conservators sometimes find limits facing these troubles because of the difficulty of applying adhesives with a paintbrush. The authors, in their attempt to give a practical and useful solution to this problem, have experimented in this work with different adhesives which are adequate for consolidation of contemporary paintings. They also have evaluated different application methods, and all of these tests were developed on poorly-bounded paintings. The study on combined methods of application was undertaken in order to compare the use of an ultrasonic atomizer with a low-pressure micro-table and an ultrasonic atomizer without a low-pressure micro-table. In this occasion, the study just wanted to analyze the deviation of colorimetric and gloss parameters for detecting if surfaces suffer aesthetic variations which may interfere with the works' concept. Conclusions finally show that it is possible to heavily consolidate poorly-bounded paintings by using an aqueous adhesive in a low concentration and an ultrasonic atomizer. The combination with a low-pressure micro-table will depend on the necessity of a punctual or general action of the adhesive. KeywordsContemporary paintings; Adhesives; Consolidation; New processes; Conservation. ResumoA consolidação de pinturas contemporâneas é uma prática tão complexa como delicada, principalmente devido à possibilidade de modificar as superfícies pictóricas. Os conservadores, encontram por vezes limitações suscitadas por este problema devido à dificuldade de aplicar adesivos com pincel. Os autores, numa tentativa de dar uma solução prática e útil a este problema, fizeram, neste trabalho, experiências com diferentes adesivos adequados à consolidação de pinturas contemporâneas. Avaliaram igualmente métodos de aplicação diferentes, tendo, todos os testes sido desenvolvidos em camadas pictóricas mal aglutinadas. O estudo com métodos de aplicação combinados foi empreendido para comparar o uso de atomizador ultra-sónico com baixa pressão e de atomizador ultra-sónico sem baixa pressão. Nesta ponto, o estudo apenas quis analisar o desvio de cor e dos parâmetros de brilho para detectar se as superfícies teriam sofrido variações estéticas que interferissem com o conceito das obras. As conclusões mostram que é possível consolidar fortemente camadas pictóricas mal aglutinadas utilizando um adesivo aquoso numa concentração baixa e um atomizador ultra-sónico. A combinação com baixa pressão dependerá da necessidade de uma acção pontual ou geral do adesivo.
ResumenPresentamos en este artículo los estudios previos y la intervención llevada a cabo en una interesante obra contemporánea de la artista Enriqueta Hueso. La obra, realizada con materiales contemporáneos y poco convencionales como chocolate, hierro o bronce, presentaba problemas de conservación que han requerido de un pormenorizado estudio de los factores discrepantes que envolvían el acto de la intervención. Ha sido objetivo de la intervención respetar, en relación a estos factores discrepantes, el referente a la intención artística, idea o concepto de la obra. Por ello, los tratamientos realizados han estado limitados por la exigencia del mantenimiento de la apariencia y la naturaleza de los materiales empleados. Se trata de una obra pensada para ser tocada, que exigió tratamientos de consolidación y protección ante el biodeterioro, además de un buen estudio de conservación preventiva. Palabras ClaveArte contemporáneo; Estabilización; Factores discrepantes; Idea/materia; Chocolate. AbstractWe show in this article all the previous studies and the treatments performed over an interesting contemporary work by the artist Enriqueta Hueso. The artwork, made with contemporary and unconventional materials such as chocolate, iron and bronze, showed poor conservation conditions and needed a detailed analysis of all the differing factors which involved the act of intervention. In order to intervene according the differing factors, the artistic intention, the idea and the concept of the work were to be respected. Thus, all the performed treatments were limited by the need for keeping both the original appearance and the original materials' nature. This artwork was made to be touched and it demanded a consolidation treatment and protection against biological deterioration, as well as a good study on preventive conservation. KeywordsContemporary art; Stabilization; Differing factors; Idea/matter; Chocolate. ResumoCom o presente artigo apresentamos os estudos prévios e a intervenção desenvolvidos numa interessante obra contemporânea da artista Enriqueta Hueso. A obra, realizada com materiais contemporâneos e pouco convencionais, como chocolate, ferro e bronze, apresentava problemas de conservação e necessitou de um pormenorizado estudo dos factores discrepantes que envolveram o acto de intervenção. Em relação a tais factores discrepantes, a intervenção pretendeu respeitar a intenção artística, a ideia e o conceito da obra. Por isso, os tratamentos realizados foram limitados pela exigência de manter a aparência e a natureza dos materiais utilizados. Tratando-se de uma obra para ser manipulada, exigiu tratamentos de consolidação e protecção relativamente destinados a evitar a biodeterioração, além de um bom estudo de conservação preventiva.
The altarpiece of the church of Our Lady of the Elms, in Campo de Montiel, attributed to Francisco Cano, is a unique masterpiece that represents the essence of the Mannerism or Late Renaissance in the region. Its technical study is one of the objectives of this article that seeks to explain the constructive aspects and identify the materials (wood species, pigments and binders) and the techniques used. Simultaneously, we have characterized its current state of preservation, describing in detail the problems identified, both structurally and in terms of the polychromy. We have tried to revalue an important work that got to survive the events of the Spanish Civil War. Generally speaking, it is unpublished information that has been collected and presented here. The main altarpiece of Our Lady of the Elms church in Torre de Juan Abad, Spain: technical study and condition state
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