No abstract

El propósito principal de la investigación fue analizar las competencias instrumentales del docente universitario en la gestión de la educación ambiental en instituciones de educación superior del Estado Zulia. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva de campo, con un diseño no experimental-transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 328 estudiantes y docentes de las universidades Rafael María Baralt, Dr. José Gregorio Hernández y la Universidad del Zulia. La información se obtuvo mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario reorientado bajo la escala tipo Likert con 5 alternativas de respuestas. La confiabilidad del mismo se calculó mediante el método de Alpha Cronbach, obteniendo un valor de 0.88. Para el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo se utilizó la estadística descriptiva inferencial para ambas muestras, pudiéndose concluir que existe baja presencia de las competencias instrumentales docentes, observándose debilidades en la implementación de instrumentos de gestión ambiental.

Purpose: Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in cancer treatment, different adverse effects induced by these therapeutic modalities (such as ototoxicity) restrict their clinical use. Co-treatment of melatonin may alleviate the chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced ototoxicity. In the present study, the otoprotective potentials of melatonin against the ototoxicity induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy were reviewed. Methods: According to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search was carried out to identify all relevant studies on “the role of melatonin against ototoxic damage associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy” in the different electronic databases up to September 2022. Sixty-seven articles were screened based on a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven eligible studies were finally included in this review. Results: The in vitro findings showed that cisplatin chemotherapy significantly decreased the auditory cell viability compared to the control group; in contrast, the melatonin co-administration increased the cell viability of cisplatin-treated cells. The results obtained from the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests demonstrated a decreased amplitude of DPOAE and increased values of ABR I-IV interval and ABR threshold in mice/rats receiving radiotherapy and cisplatin; nevertheless, melatonin co-treatment indicated an opposite pattern on these evaluated parameters. It was also found that cisplatin and radiotherapy could significantly induce the histological and biochemical changes in the auditory cells/tissue. However, melatonin co-treatment resulted in alleviating the cisplatin/radiotherapy-induced biochemical and histological changes. Conclusion: According to the findings, it was shown that melatonin co-treatment alleviates the ototoxic damage induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mechanically, melatonin may exert its otoprotective effects via its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities and other mechanisms.