The study aims to explore the relationship between exposure to community violence, hope, and well-being. More specifically, the study aims to ascertain whether hope is a stronger predictor of well-being than exposure to violence. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 566 adolescents aged 14-17 years, from both high violence and low violence areas in Cape Town, South Africa. A questionnaire consisting of Snyder's Children's Hope Scale, the Recent Exposure to Violence Scale and the KIDSCREEN-52 was used. Data analysis techniques included descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression. A positive, significant relationship was found between children's hope and their well-being. Although exposure to community violence was found to be significantly correlated with well-being, the relationship was negligible. While exposure to community violence and hope were found to be significant predictors of well-being, hope emerged as a stronger predictor of child well-being than exposure to community violence.

Child abuse in South Africa is a serious and escalating problem. In this article, the writer reflects on the response of the South African government and civil society organisations to the problems experienced by practitioners in their management of child abuse during the past decade. This response must be understood within the context of South Africa's transition from a past characterised by state‐enforced discrimination, exclusion and inequity. The article focuses on the child protection service system and draws attention to a review conducted in the nine provincial departments of social development across the country. It discusses the recommendations of the review in light of international literature on child welfare and lessons learnt over the past ten years. Despite the progress in policy formulation, implementation remains a major problem regarding child protection in South Africa.

While reviewing the cardiac histopathology and the postmortem arteriography of patients studied at autopsy, a collection of findings was identified in a small proportion of those with ischemic heart disease. These included varying degrees of hypertrophy and left ventricular dilation and severe multifocal atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries by gross examination. Histology showed multiple small foci of coagulation or contraction-band necrosis in a circumferential, subendocardial pattern; focal replacement fibrosis of varying ages and size; focal atrophy or vacuolization (a marker of chronic ischemia) of surviving myocytes; and marked dilation of the subendocardial vasculature. This collection of findings described here is termed multifocal ischemic necroses of varying age (MINOVA). Review of patient histories showed that the clinical suspicion for the degree of ischemic heart disease did not correlate well with the severity of the pathological findings.

No abstract

No abstract