Investiga-se a influência de intervenção lúdico-gráfica no controle da ansiedade de mães de bebês pré-termo. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, exploratório descritivo. Participam 30 mães. Levanta-se inicialmente o perfil gestacional, o estado emocional com a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Irritabilidade e a expectativa quanto ao bebê, com o Inventário de Percepção Neonatal. Realizam-se a seguir 16 intervenções grupais com atividades gráficas e lúdicas, sensório-motoras, simbólicas e de regras, segundo fundamentação piagetiana. O perfil traçado revela antecedentes de gravidez de risco. A escala aponta 75% das mães com alta ansiedade e depressão; o inventário mostra, contudo, expectativas positivas quanto aos bebês. A análise interventiva revela boa adesão, com progressiva motivação, descontração, interação, liberação de conteúdos ansiógenos e angustiantes relativos ao descompasso entre o bebê esperado e o real, ao sentimento de culpa, ao desconforto em lidar com um bebê frágil, favorecendo assumir sua maternidade com menos ansiedade.
Mothers of preterm babies present clinical symptoms of anxiety, turning them more fragile and less adapted to initial care for the baby, with consequences upon the global development of the child along time. This study investigated the self-perception of anxiety of preterm babies' mothers at birth and six months later and also about correlations between maternal anxiety and babies' behaviors during the first year of life.Clinical and structured interview with 44 mothers twelve months after hospital discharge. Results reveal a higher level of maternal anxiety at delivery than six months later. It was observed a significant relationship between the feeling of maternal anxiety at delivery and babies' sleep disturbances during the first year of life. Maternal perception of anxiety at delivery was strongly associated with the intensity of fear displayed by the baby in the presence of strangers. Results suggest that maternal anxiety at delivery influences the beginning of the baby's play whose skill is inversely proportional to maternal anxiety. Maternal anxiety after delivery seems to influence mother-baby relationship and baby's behaviors that are indicators of development, inducing a level lower than expected.
Le lait maternel est reconnu comme aliment idéal pour les nouveau-nés, y compris les prématurés, avec des avantages nutritionnels, biologiques, émotionnels et socio-économiques pour l’enfant et la famille. Pour les bébés prématurés, l’allaitement joue un rôle essentiel dans la mesure où il est associé à une réduction du temps d’hospitalisation et à divers états cliniques résultant d’une prématurité. Les études indiquent un faible taux d’allaitement parmi les mères de nouveau-nés prématurés et, souvent, un sevrage précoce. Actuellement, la littérature identifie l’auto-efficacité dans l’allaitement comme une variable importante qui influe sur les résultats de la réussite de l’allaitement. Afin d’identifier le principal instrument dédié à l’évaluation de l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes de bébés prématurés, une revue intégrative de la littérature a été réalisée sur les études, les évaluations et les instruments utilisés pour évaluer l’auto-efficacité chez les mères allaitantes des bébés prématurés. Il a été constaté que la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) est le principal instrument d’évaluation de la confiance d’une mère relativement à sa capacité d’allaiter. Pour ces mères, la Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form for Mothers of Ill or Preterm Infants (BSES-SFMIPI) permet de reconnaître les attentes et les expériences maternelles, d’identifier les mères de bébés prématurés à risque d’interrompre l’allaitement et aussi de proposer des stratégies individuelles pour encourager les mères et allaiter avec succès ces enfants.
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