Extraordinary magnetostrictive behavior has been observed in Fe-Ga alloys with concentrations of Ga between 4% and 27%. λ 100 exhibits two peaks as a function of Ga content. At room temperature, λ 100 reaches a maximum of 265 ppm near 19% Ga and 235 ppm near 27% Ga. For compositions between 19% and 27%, λ 100 drops sharply to a minimum near 24% Ga and exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence, decreasing by as much as a factor of 2 at low temperatures. This unusual magnetostrictive behavior is interpreted on the basis of a single maximum in the magnetoelastic coupling |b 1 | of Fe with increasing amounts of nonmagnetic Ga, combined with a strongly temperature dependent elastic shear modulus (c 11 −c 12 ) which approaches zero near 27% Ga. λ 111 is significantly smaller in magnitude than λ 100 over this composition range, and has an abrupt change in sign from negative for low Ga concentrations to positive for a concentration of Ga near 21%. Extraordinary magnetostrictive behavior has been observed in Fe-Ga alloys with concentrations of Ga between 4% and 27%. 100 exhibits two peaks as a function of Ga content. At room temperature, 100 reaches a maximum of 265 ppm near 19% Ga and 235 ppm near 27% Ga. For compositions between 19% and 27%, 100 drops sharply to a minimum near 24% Ga and exhibits an anomalous temperature dependence, decreasing by as much as a factor of 2 at low temperatures. This unusual magnetostrictive behavior is interpreted on the basis of a single maximum in the magnetoelastic coupling ͉b 1 ͉ of Fe with increasing amounts of nonmagnetic Ga, combined with a strongly temperature dependent elastic shear modulus (c 11 Ϫc 12 ) which approaches zero near 27% Ga. 111 is significantly smaller in magnitude than 100 over this composition range, and has an abrupt change in sign from negative for low Ga concentrations to positive for a concentration of Ga near 21%.

Iron-based amorphous metals are investigated as nonferromagnetic amorphous steel alloys with magnetic transition temperatures well below ambient temperatures. Rod-shaped amorphous samples with diameters reaching 4 mm are obtained using injection casting. Amorphous steel alloys are designed by considering atomistic factors that enhance the stability of the amorphous phase, coupled with the realization of low-lying liquidus temperatures. The present alloys are found to exhibit superior mechanical strengths. In particular, the elastic moduli are comparable to those reported for super austenitic steels.

Research on child behavior problems requires standardized methodology in order to identify similarities and differences between societies. The present study compared parent-reported behavior problems of 360 Jamaican and 946 U.S. children aged 6 to 11. It revealed few differences in individual, total, internalizing (e.g., depression), and externalizing (e.g., fighting) problem scores as a function of nationality, gender, or age. Findings from this and other studies indicate the feasibility of a common methodology in cross-national studies of children's problems, but also the need for further refinement.

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In this article, I describe a study exploring horizontal violence and nurses’ perceptions of the phenomenon within the context of two 28-bed inpatient hospital units. The purpose of the study was to develop a clearer understanding of horizontal violence, incorporating observation and inquiry to identify the language nurses use to describe their experiences and factors in the nursing work environment that may perpetuate the phenomenon. Observation, review and analysis of policies, and interviews with staff were completed between June and November 2012. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (a) behaviors are minimized and not recognized, (b) fear inhibits all reporting, (c) avoidance and isolation are coping strategies, (d) lack of respect and support, and (e) organizational chaos. The findings suggest future interventions must address a range of factors that perpetuate horizontal violence within the nursing work environment with consideration for the embeddedness and complexity of the phenomenon.