Reinforced glass ionomer cements have been widely used in pediatric dentistry to prevent dental caries. However, the influence of biomaterial light-curing and its anticariogenic effects remain unclear. This study evaluates the influence of the lightcuring time on fluoride release, surface topography, and bacterial adhesion in two types of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). One hundred disks were made, and samples were divided into two groups (n = 50 per group), according to each dental material (Vitremer™ and Ketac™ N100), and also divided into different light-cured times (10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 s). They were placed in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) to measure the fluoride release. Subsequently, an independent sample of RMGICs per group was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Four disks per group were incubated in a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium that was inoculated with Streptococcus mutans GS5 to evaluate the bacterial adhesion by 3-4,[5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay (MTT assay). The fluoride release was related to the light-curing time and gradually decreased as the light-curing time increased in both materials. Surface topography in Vitremer™ presents more irregular surfaces than Ketac™ N100. For S. mutans adhesion, the smallest number of cells per milliliter (cell/ml) was found at 40 s for Vitremer™ and at 30 s for Ketac™ N100. Thus, the shorter light-curing times allowed for major fluoride release in both materials. However, the RMGICs showed different patterns of bacterial adhesion according to the brand and light-curing time. K E Y W O R D S bacterial adhesion, fluoride release, light-curing time, resin-modified glass ionomer cements, surface topography 1 | INTRODUCTION Currently, glass ionomer cement (GIC) is considered to be a biomaterial that may inhibit caries due to their release fluoride and Gabriela Olmos-Olmos and Bernardo Teutle-Coyotecatl contributed equally to this work.

The concept of minimally invasive technique in dentistry emphasizes conservative strategies in the management of caries, which results in less destruction of healthy tooth structure.

The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and describe the clinical and radiographic findings of three-rooted primary mandibular first and second molars in a Mexican population. Intraoral periapical radiograph, orthopantomogram or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were obtained. A total 2284 children from the state of Puebla, Mexico were examined, of whom 20 presented an anatomic variant in tooth crown shape. Of the total teeth with crown alterations, 10 first and 5 second primary mandibular molars were found to have supernumerary roots. In one case, it was possible to obtain micro-CT images. The study recorded prevalence, unilateral or bilateral occurrence, and ratio between sexes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Clinical findings were presence of an anatomical variation (tuberculum paramolare / right and/or left cervical convexity) in primary mandibular first molars. Second molars presented conventional crown morphology. Prevalence of three-rooted primary mandibular first and second molars was 0.44% and 0.22%, respectively. Male: female ratio for presence of threerooted primary mandibular first molars was 4:1, showing genetic predisposition in males, and for second molars it was 1.5:1, with no predisposition according to sex. The clinical and radiographic anatomical variants in primary molars should be considered by pediatric dentists during routine care because they may cause difficulties in restorations.

Many research areas have developed techniques to diagnose lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stress, caries, and periodontitis by analyzing saliva. This paper describes a study that predicts periodontitis based on Raman spectra of saliva and biomarkers, such as albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The spectra were smoothed using a Whittaker filter and baseline correction in MATLAB. In addition, a residual analysis of intensities was performed, and the root mean square deviation was calculated and used as a threshold to establish the active bands of interest, based on the Raman bands associated with albumin and ALT. ORCA quantum chemistry software was used to predict the fundamental frequencies and intensities of some saliva constituents. Support vector machines were used to perform spectral distinction and discriminate between healthy and periodontitis patients.

Objective: To determine the risk of stress in dental students at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The design of the study is observational, descriptive, analytical, retrolective and cross-sectional. The selection of the sample was non-probabilistic, a form that includes psychological and physical symptoms of stress was used. A bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the existence of an association and calculate the estimated risk (Odds Ratio) with a 95% CI and a significance level of p